Utilisation of waste heat from PEM electrolysers: Unlocking local optimisation

Recovery of heat from electrolysers is potentially interesting to increase the total system efficiency, reduce CO₂ emissions, and increase the economic feasibility of both hydrogen and heat production. This study examines different designs for the utilisation of (waste) heat from a 2.5 MW_el polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyser. Redundancy is important in the design, to ensure safe operation regardless of the heat demand of the heat consumer. We analysed cases with local heat consumption (with/without a heat pump) and coupling with a district heating network (DHN). Overall, 14–15% of the electricity input to the stack can be utilised by a heat consumer, increasing the total system efficiency to 90% (HHV) with CO₂-savings of 0.08 (DHN)-0.28 (direct use) tonne CO₂/MWh_{heat, used}. We performed a first-order techno-economic analysis showing that the levelized costs of the electrolyser heat (8.4–36.9 €/MWh) fall within the range of other industrial heat sources and below lower-temperature heat sources.