A 121.4-dB DR Capacitively Coupled Chopper Class-D Audio Amplifier

Huajun Zhang; Marco Berkhout; Kofi A.A. Makinwa; Qinwen Fan

doi:10.1109/JSSC.2022.3207907

A 121.4-dB DR Capacitively Coupled Chopper Class-D Audio Amplifier

Huajun Zhang, Marco Berkhout, Kofi A.A. Makinwa, Qinwen Fan^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

This article presents a class-D amplifier (CDA) with high dynamic range (DR). To eliminate the typically dominant noise contribution of a resistive feedback network, the input and feedback signals are chopped and applied to a capacitive feedback network. However, this leads to high-voltage (HV) transients at the input of the loop filter, which, due to timing and impedance mismatch in the chopped feedback network, could degrade linearity and even overstress low-voltage (LV) core devices. Robust processing of the HV chopped feedback signal is guaranteed with chopper timing skew correction, chopper impedance matching, and deadbanding. The prototype, implemented in a 180-nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, achieves 121.4 dB of DR, 5.9 dB higher than state-of-the-art closed-loop CDAs, and 8-μVRMS output-referred noise (A-weighted). It also achieves a peak total harmonic distortion (THD) + N of -109.8 dB and a peak efficiency of 93%/88% while driving 15 W/26 W into an 8-4-Ω load.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3736-3745
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume	57
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2022.3207907
Publication status	Published - 2022

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Audio power amplifier
capacitively coupled chopper amplifier
class-D amplifier (CDA)
dynamic range (DR)
noise

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10.1109/JSSC.2022.3207907

A_121.4-dB_DR_Capacitively_Coupled_Chopper_Class-D_Audio_AmplifierFinal published version, 4.37 MB

Cite this

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title = "A 121.4-dB DR Capacitively Coupled Chopper Class-D Audio Amplifier",

abstract = "This article presents a class-D amplifier (CDA) with high dynamic range (DR). To eliminate the typically dominant noise contribution of a resistive feedback network, the input and feedback signals are chopped and applied to a capacitive feedback network. However, this leads to high-voltage (HV) transients at the input of the loop filter, which, due to timing and impedance mismatch in the chopped feedback network, could degrade linearity and even overstress low-voltage (LV) core devices. Robust processing of the HV chopped feedback signal is guaranteed with chopper timing skew correction, chopper impedance matching, and deadbanding. The prototype, implemented in a 180-nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, achieves 121.4 dB of DR, 5.9 dB higher than state-of-the-art closed-loop CDAs, and 8-μVRMS output-referred noise (A-weighted). It also achieves a peak total harmonic distortion (THD) + N of -109.8 dB and a peak efficiency of 93%/88% while driving 15 W/26 W into an 8-4-Ω load.",

keywords = "Audio power amplifier, capacitively coupled chopper amplifier, class-D amplifier (CDA), dynamic range (DR), noise",

author = "Huajun Zhang and Marco Berkhout and Makinwa, {Kofi A.A.} and Qinwen Fan",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.",

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N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2022

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N2 - This article presents a class-D amplifier (CDA) with high dynamic range (DR). To eliminate the typically dominant noise contribution of a resistive feedback network, the input and feedback signals are chopped and applied to a capacitive feedback network. However, this leads to high-voltage (HV) transients at the input of the loop filter, which, due to timing and impedance mismatch in the chopped feedback network, could degrade linearity and even overstress low-voltage (LV) core devices. Robust processing of the HV chopped feedback signal is guaranteed with chopper timing skew correction, chopper impedance matching, and deadbanding. The prototype, implemented in a 180-nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, achieves 121.4 dB of DR, 5.9 dB higher than state-of-the-art closed-loop CDAs, and 8-μVRMS output-referred noise (A-weighted). It also achieves a peak total harmonic distortion (THD) + N of -109.8 dB and a peak efficiency of 93%/88% while driving 15 W/26 W into an 8-4-Ω load.

AB - This article presents a class-D amplifier (CDA) with high dynamic range (DR). To eliminate the typically dominant noise contribution of a resistive feedback network, the input and feedback signals are chopped and applied to a capacitive feedback network. However, this leads to high-voltage (HV) transients at the input of the loop filter, which, due to timing and impedance mismatch in the chopped feedback network, could degrade linearity and even overstress low-voltage (LV) core devices. Robust processing of the HV chopped feedback signal is guaranteed with chopper timing skew correction, chopper impedance matching, and deadbanding. The prototype, implemented in a 180-nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, achieves 121.4 dB of DR, 5.9 dB higher than state-of-the-art closed-loop CDAs, and 8-μVRMS output-referred noise (A-weighted). It also achieves a peak total harmonic distortion (THD) + N of -109.8 dB and a peak efficiency of 93%/88% while driving 15 W/26 W into an 8-4-Ω load.

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A 121.4-dB DR Capacitively Coupled Chopper Class-D Audio Amplifier

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