A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From -45 °C to 85 °C

Cagri Gurleyuk, Sining Pan, Kofi A.A. Makinwa

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)
197 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

This article presents a 16-MHz RC frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge RC filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and capacitors, the filter's characteristic is temperature dependent. To compensate for this, the control signal of the DCO is derived by digitizing the filter's output phase and combining it with the digital output of a Wheatstone bridge temperature sensor. After a two-point trim, this digital temperature compensation scheme achieves an inaccuracy of ±90 ppm from -45 °C to 85 °C. The frequency reference draws 220 $\mu \text{A}$ from a 1.8-V supply, with a supply sensitivity of 0.12%/V and a 320-ppb Allan Deviation floor for a 10-s stride.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2429-2437
Number of pages9
JournalIEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume57
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

  • Bandwidth
  • CMOS
  • digital frequency-locked loop (FLL)
  • digitally controlled oscillator (DCO)
  • Frequency control
  • Frequency locked loops
  • integrated frequency reference
  • RC.
  • Resistors
  • Sensitivity
  • System-on-chip
  • Temperature sensors

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