A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction

Gokul J. Krishnan; Zhen Yang; Zili Li; Rolf Dollevoet

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57

A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction

Gokul J. Krishnan^*, Zhen Yang, Zili Li, Rolf Dollevoet

^*Corresponding author for this work

Railway Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) is an important parameter affecting acceleration and braking behavior of trains, and consequently the inter-train distance and utilization of track. To optimize operation schedules, maximize railway capacity, and realize automatic train operations, reliable measurements of the CoFs experienced by in-service trains are desirable. In this study, a train-borne measurement approach is proposed based on a torque modulation concept. It involves superimposing a small-amplitude sinusoidal signal on the motor torque. Because the wheel-rail friction force acts as variable damping, it causes a phase difference between the angular velocity response of the wheelset and the input modulated torque signal. This phase difference can be used to determine the creep coefficient, i.e., the slope of the creep curve, and then to estimate the CoF in combination with the measured Coefficient of Adhesion (CoA), i.e., the ratio between the wheel-rail friction force and normal load. Simulations of torque modulation with VI-Rail are conducted. Variation of phase difference with the increase of the modulated torque is derived theoretically and compared with numerically obtained results using the VI-Rail multibody dynamics model under different CoF conditions. The good agreement between the results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed measurement concept.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles
Editors	Wei Huang, Mehdi Ahmadian
Place of Publication	Cham
Publisher	Springer
Pages	546-554
Number of pages	9
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-031-66971-2
ISBN (Print)	978-3-031-66970-5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57
Publication status	Published - 2024
Event	28th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2023 - Ottawa, Canada Duration: 21 Aug 2023 → 25 Aug 2023

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
Publisher	Springer
ISSN (Print)	2195-4356
ISSN (Electronic)	2195-4364

Conference

Conference	28th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2023
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Ottawa
Period	21/08/23 → 25/08/23

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Coefficient of Friction
Measurement
Torque Modulation

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57

Cite this

Krishnan, G. J., Yang, Z., Li, Z., & Dollevoet, R. (2024). A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction. In W. Huang, & M. Ahmadian (Eds.), Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles (pp. 546-554). (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57

Krishnan, Gokul J. ; Yang, Zhen ; Li, Zili et al. / A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction. Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles. editor / Wei Huang ; Mehdi Ahmadian. Cham : Springer, 2024. pp. 546-554 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering).

@inproceedings{959e7081fb1c4099b3b6aa8f75f572e2,

title = "A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction",

abstract = "The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) is an important parameter affecting acceleration and braking behavior of trains, and consequently the inter-train distance and utilization of track. To optimize operation schedules, maximize railway capacity, and realize automatic train operations, reliable measurements of the CoFs experienced by in-service trains are desirable. In this study, a train-borne measurement approach is proposed based on a torque modulation concept. It involves superimposing a small-amplitude sinusoidal signal on the motor torque. Because the wheel-rail friction force acts as variable damping, it causes a phase difference between the angular velocity response of the wheelset and the input modulated torque signal. This phase difference can be used to determine the creep coefficient, i.e., the slope of the creep curve, and then to estimate the CoF in combination with the measured Coefficient of Adhesion (CoA), i.e., the ratio between the wheel-rail friction force and normal load. Simulations of torque modulation with VI-Rail are conducted. Variation of phase difference with the increase of the modulated torque is derived theoretically and compared with numerically obtained results using the VI-Rail multibody dynamics model under different CoF conditions. The good agreement between the results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed measurement concept.",

keywords = "Coefficient of Friction, Measurement, Torque Modulation",

author = "Krishnan, {Gokul J.} and Zhen Yang and Zili Li and Rolf Dollevoet",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.; 28th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2023 ; Conference date: 21-08-2023 Through 25-08-2023",

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doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-3-031-66970-5",

series = "Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering",

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Krishnan, GJ , Yang, Z , Li, Z & Dollevoet, R 2024, A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction. in W Huang & M Ahmadian (eds), Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Springer, Cham, pp. 546-554, 28th IAVSD Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD 2023, Ottawa, Canada, 21/08/23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57

A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction. / Krishnan, Gokul J.; Yang, Zhen ; Li, Zili et al.
Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles. ed. / Wei Huang; Mehdi Ahmadian. Cham: Springer, 2024. p. 546-554 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

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AU - Krishnan, Gokul J.

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AU - Dollevoet, Rolf

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) is an important parameter affecting acceleration and braking behavior of trains, and consequently the inter-train distance and utilization of track. To optimize operation schedules, maximize railway capacity, and realize automatic train operations, reliable measurements of the CoFs experienced by in-service trains are desirable. In this study, a train-borne measurement approach is proposed based on a torque modulation concept. It involves superimposing a small-amplitude sinusoidal signal on the motor torque. Because the wheel-rail friction force acts as variable damping, it causes a phase difference between the angular velocity response of the wheelset and the input modulated torque signal. This phase difference can be used to determine the creep coefficient, i.e., the slope of the creep curve, and then to estimate the CoF in combination with the measured Coefficient of Adhesion (CoA), i.e., the ratio between the wheel-rail friction force and normal load. Simulations of torque modulation with VI-Rail are conducted. Variation of phase difference with the increase of the modulated torque is derived theoretically and compared with numerically obtained results using the VI-Rail multibody dynamics model under different CoF conditions. The good agreement between the results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed measurement concept.

AB - The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) is an important parameter affecting acceleration and braking behavior of trains, and consequently the inter-train distance and utilization of track. To optimize operation schedules, maximize railway capacity, and realize automatic train operations, reliable measurements of the CoFs experienced by in-service trains are desirable. In this study, a train-borne measurement approach is proposed based on a torque modulation concept. It involves superimposing a small-amplitude sinusoidal signal on the motor torque. Because the wheel-rail friction force acts as variable damping, it causes a phase difference between the angular velocity response of the wheelset and the input modulated torque signal. This phase difference can be used to determine the creep coefficient, i.e., the slope of the creep curve, and then to estimate the CoF in combination with the measured Coefficient of Adhesion (CoA), i.e., the ratio between the wheel-rail friction force and normal load. Simulations of torque modulation with VI-Rail are conducted. Variation of phase difference with the increase of the modulated torque is derived theoretically and compared with numerically obtained results using the VI-Rail multibody dynamics model under different CoF conditions. The good agreement between the results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed measurement concept.

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Krishnan GJ , Yang Z , Li Z , Dollevoet R. A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction. In Huang W, Ahmadian M, editors, Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks III: Proceedings of the 28th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2023, August 21–25, 2023, Ottawa, Canada - Volume 1: Rail Vehicles. Cham: Springer. 2024. p. 546-554. (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-66971-2_57

A Concept for Torque Modulation-Based Train-Borne Measurement of Coefficient of Friction

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