A digital twin based on Land Administration

As urban architectural environments become increasingly complex and densely populated, the demand for precise registration of legal statuses, encompassing both private and public interests, has become more urgent. Traditional 2D cadastral registration systems are increasingly inadequate for addressing the multifaceted and vertical nature of modern urban landscapes. These systems are limited in scope and unable to fully capture the intricacies of multi-level property rights, overlapping parcels, and underground constructions.

This study uses a BIM/IFC model for the building's physical representation. The party and Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRRs) data are stored in a DBMS following ISO 19152-2 (Land Administration Domain Model, LADM) All data and the building location are fictitious and represent the most important categories of Land Administration cases. Visualization and interaction is achieved in 3D over the web using Cesium JS, an extensible globe viewer.
Unlike earlier 3D cadastral systems, this research has developed a new 3D Land Administration prototype based on the complete scope of LADM and not just focusing on the 3D spatial information. The objective is to explore improved methods for analyzing and visualizing RRRs in complex buildings. Novel techniques include presenting UML instance-level LADM diagrams for selected parties and/or apartments, showing RRRs and BAUnits linking them to the spatial units. The study further introduces a new method for displaying surrounding buildings at varying Level of Detail (LoD), with closer buildings rendered in higher detail and more distant buildings shown in less detail. This selective detailing enhances both performance and clarity in visualizations.

A key feature of this digital twin system is its real-time update capability. The prototype developed in this study supports the updating of party and rights information in the backend database, accurately reflecting these updates in the public front-end version. This ensures the maintenance and visualization of the most current property rights data. The system also integrates sunlight simulation, which is crucial for urban planning, architectural design, and aiding buyer decision-making. The prototype is (still) online available and via a usability study evaluated.