TY - JOUR
T1 - A Facile Surface Reconstruction Mechanism toward Better Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12 in Lithium-Ion Battery
AU - Qian, Kun
AU - Tang, Linkai
AU - Wagemaker, Marnix
AU - He, Yan Bing
AU - Liu, Dongqing
AU - Li, Hai
AU - Shi, Ruiying
AU - Li, Baohua
AU - Kang, Feiyu
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Through a facile sodium sulfide (Na2S)-assisted hydrothermal treatment, clean and nondefective surfaces are constructed on micrometer-sized Li4Ti5O12 particles. The remarkable improvement of surface quality shows a higher first cycle Coulombic efficiency (≈95%), a significantly enhanced cycling performance, and a better rate capability in electrochemical measurements. A combined study of Raman spectroscopy and inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy reveals that the evolution of Li4Ti5O12 surface in a water-based hydrothermal environment is a hydrolysis–recrystallization process, which can introduce a new phase of anatase-TiO2. While, with a small amount of Na2S (0.004 mol L−1 at least), the spinel-Li4Ti5O12 phase is maintained without a second phase. During this process, the alkaline environment created by Na2S and the surface adsorption of the sulfur-containing group (HS− or S2−) can suppress the recrystallization of anatase-TiO2 and renew the particle surfaces. This finding gives a better understanding of the surface–property relationship on Li4Ti5O12 and guidance on preparation and modification of electrode material other than coating or doping.
AB - Through a facile sodium sulfide (Na2S)-assisted hydrothermal treatment, clean and nondefective surfaces are constructed on micrometer-sized Li4Ti5O12 particles. The remarkable improvement of surface quality shows a higher first cycle Coulombic efficiency (≈95%), a significantly enhanced cycling performance, and a better rate capability in electrochemical measurements. A combined study of Raman spectroscopy and inductive coupled plasma emission spectroscopy reveals that the evolution of Li4Ti5O12 surface in a water-based hydrothermal environment is a hydrolysis–recrystallization process, which can introduce a new phase of anatase-TiO2. While, with a small amount of Na2S (0.004 mol L−1 at least), the spinel-Li4Ti5O12 phase is maintained without a second phase. During this process, the alkaline environment created by Na2S and the surface adsorption of the sulfur-containing group (HS− or S2−) can suppress the recrystallization of anatase-TiO2 and renew the particle surfaces. This finding gives a better understanding of the surface–property relationship on Li4Ti5O12 and guidance on preparation and modification of electrode material other than coating or doping.
KW - hydrothermal method
KW - LiTiO
KW - lithium-ion batteries
KW - NaS
KW - surface modifications
UR - http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:71615cd8-8954-431f-8b3c-b145029efcd1
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85022331992&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/advs.201700205
DO - 10.1002/advs.201700205
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85022331992
SN - 1936-6612
VL - 4
JO - Advanced Science Letters
JF - Advanced Science Letters
IS - 11
M1 - 1700205
ER -