A Generalized Model for the Optimal Operation of Microgrids in Grid-Connected and Islanded Droop-Based Mode

Pedro P. Vergara, Juan M. Rey, Juan C. Lopez, Marcos J. Rider, Luiz C.P. da Silva, Hamid R. Shaker, Bo N. Jorgensen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

28 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this paper, a new and generalized model for the optimal operation of microgrids is presented. The proposed mathematical model considers both the grid-connected (GC) and islanded (IS) operational modes. First, a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulation is introduced, modeling the microgrid as an unbalanced ac three-phase electrical distribution system, comprising distributed generator (DG) units, battery systems and wind turbines. In GC mode, the frequency and the voltage magnitude references are imposed by the main grid at the point of common couple, while in IS mode, it is assumed that the DG units operate with droop control. Additionally, a set of convexification procedures are introduced in order to approximate the original MINLP model into a new convex formulation that can be solved using commercial solvers. The proposed model has been tested in a 25-bus microgrid for different scenarios, including one where a degradation of the voltage magnitude reference is observed. Results show that the proposed model is able to properly define the operational mode of the microgrid, based on the technical constraints of the system.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5032-5045
Number of pages14
JournalIEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Volume10
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • convex optimization
  • droop control
  • Energy storage
  • Frequency control
  • grid-connected operation
  • islanded operation
  • Mathematical model
  • Microgrids
  • optimal power flow.
  • Planning
  • Reactive power
  • Voltage control

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