A multilevel optimization framework for aircraft operations on near-airport communities: Minimizing noise impact and fuel consumption

With a significant impact on the development of the global economy and society, air transport is predicted to rapidly grow in the coming years. Unfortunately, while delivering positive global economic and social benefits, air transport has also generated an adverse influence on the environment, especially on the quality of life of communities around airports. Air transport is the main cause of noise nuisance in the vicinity of airports, which has been linked to various human health effects, such as cardiovascular diseases, sleep disturbance, hearing loss, and communication interference. This research aims to develop an optimization framework that can effectively address the problems of route design and flight allocation in a linked manner to reduce noise impact and fuel consumption.