A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and  ± 0.1  ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From  − 55  ∘ C to 125  ∘ C

Nandor G. Toth; Zhong Tang; Teruki Someya; Sining Pan; Kofi A.A. Makinwa

doi:10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131

A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and ± 0.1 ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From − 55 ∘ C to 125 ∘ C

Nandor G. Toth, Zhong Tang, Teruki Someya, Sining Pan, Kofi A.A. Makinwa

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V _BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm ², and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	593-602
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume	60
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131
Publication status	Published - 2024

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Bitstream-controlled (BSC) dynamic-element-matching (DEM)
continuous-time (CT) <inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-modulator
current-mode readout
Energy efficiency
Energy resolution
Instruments
Modulation
PNP-based temperature sensor
resistor ratio self-calibration
Resistors
Temperature dependence
Temperature sensors

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131

A_PNP-Based_Temperature_Sensor_With_Continuous-Time_Readout_and_0.1nbspC_3_Inaccuracy_From_-55nbspC_to_125nbspCFinal published version, 1.87 MB

Cite this

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title = "A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and ± 0.1 ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From − 55 ∘ C to 125 ∘ C",

abstract = "This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm 2, and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85",

keywords = "Bitstream-controlled (BSC) dynamic-element-matching (DEM), continuous-time (CT) <inline-formula xmlns:ali={"}http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/{"} xmlns:mml={"}http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML{"} xmlns:xlink={"}http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink{"} xmlns:xsi={"}http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance{"}> <tex-math notation={"}LaTeX{"}>$\Delta \Sigma$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-modulator, current-mode readout, Energy efficiency, Energy resolution, Instruments, Modulation, PNP-based temperature sensor, resistor ratio self-calibration, Resistors, Temperature dependence, Temperature sensors",

author = "Toth, {Nandor G.} and Zhong Tang and Teruki Someya and Sining Pan and Makinwa, {Kofi A.A.}",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository {\textquoteleft}You share, we take care!{\textquoteright} – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. ",

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T1 - A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and ± 0.1 ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From − 55 ∘ C to 125 ∘ C

AU - Toth, Nandor G.

AU - Tang, Zhong

AU - Someya, Teruki

AU - Pan, Sining

AU - Makinwa, Kofi A.A.

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm 2, and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85

AB - This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm 2, and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85

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