A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and  ± 0.1  ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From  − 55  ∘ C to 125  ∘ C

Nandor G. Toth; Zhong Tang; Teruki Someya; Sining Pan; Kofi A.A. Makinwa

doi:10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131

A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and ± 0.1 ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From − 55 ∘ C to 125 ∘ C

Nandor G. Toth, Zhong Tang, Teruki Someya, Sining Pan, Kofi A.A. Makinwa

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

40 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V _BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm ², and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	593-602
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Volume	60
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131
Publication status	Published - 2024

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Bitstream-controlled (BSC) dynamic-element-matching (DEM)
continuous-time (CT) <inline-formula xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-modulator
current-mode readout
Energy efficiency
Energy resolution
Instruments
Modulation
PNP-based temperature sensor
resistor ratio self-calibration
Resistors
Temperature dependence
Temperature sensors

Access to Document

10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131

A_PNP-Based_Temperature_Sensor_With_Continuous-Time_Readout_and_0.1nbspC_3_Inaccuracy_From_-55nbspC_to_125nbspCFinal published version, 1.87 MB

Cite this

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title = "A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and ± 0.1 ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From − 55 ∘ C to 125 ∘ C",

abstract = "This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm 2, and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85",

keywords = "Bitstream-controlled (BSC) dynamic-element-matching (DEM), continuous-time (CT) <inline-formula xmlns:ali={"}http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/{"} xmlns:mml={"}http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML{"} xmlns:xlink={"}http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink{"} xmlns:xsi={"}http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance{"}> <tex-math notation={"}LaTeX{"}>\$\textbackslash{}Delta \textbackslash{}Sigma\$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-modulator, current-mode readout, Energy efficiency, Energy resolution, Instruments, Modulation, PNP-based temperature sensor, resistor ratio self-calibration, Resistors, Temperature dependence, Temperature sensors",

author = "Toth, \{Nandor G.\} and Zhong Tang and Teruki Someya and Sining Pan and Makinwa, \{Kofi A.A.\}",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository {\textquoteleft}You share, we take care!{\textquoteright} – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. ",

year = "2024",

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language = "English",

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T1 - A PNP-Based Temperature Sensor With Continuous-Time Readout and ± 0.1 ∘ C (3 σ ) Inaccuracy From − 55 ∘ C to 125 ∘ C

AU - Toth, Nandor G.

AU - Tang, Zhong

AU - Someya, Teruki

AU - Pan, Sining

AU - Makinwa, Kofi A.A.

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm 2, and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85

AB - This article describes a PNP-based temperature sensor that achieves both high energy efficiency and accuracy. Two resistors convert the CTAT and PTAT voltages generated by a PNP-based front-end into two currents whose ratio is then digitized by a continuous-time (CT) Δ Σ -modulator. Chopping and dynamic-element-matching (DEM) are used to mitigate the effects of component mismatch and 1/f noise, while the spread in V BE and in the ratio of the two resistors is digitally trimmed at room temperature (RT). Fabricated in a 0.18μ m CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.12 mm 2, and draws 9.5μ A from a supply voltage ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 V. Measurements on 40 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ± 0.1° C (3σ) from -55° C to 125° C, and a commensurate supply sensitivity of only 0.01° C/V. Furthermore, it achieves high energy efficiency, with a resolution Figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.85

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KW - current-mode readout

KW - Energy efficiency

KW - Energy resolution

KW - Instruments

KW - Modulation

KW - PNP-based temperature sensor

KW - resistor ratio self-calibration

KW - Resistors

KW - Temperature dependence

KW - Temperature sensors

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85195426794

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DO - 10.1109/JSSC.2024.3402131

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SN - 0018-9200

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JO - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

JF - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

IS - 2

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