Abstract
This article describes a hybrid temperature sensor in which an accurate, but energy-inefficient, thermal diffusivity (TD) sensor is used to calibrate an inaccurate, but efficient, resistor-based sensor. The latter is based on silicided polysilicon resistors embedded in a Wien-bridge (WB) filter, while the former is based on an electrothermal filter (ETF) made from a p-diffusion/metal thermopile and an n-diffusion heater. The use of an on-chip sensor for calibration obviates the need for an external temperature reference and a temperature-stabilized environment, thus reducing the cost. To mitigate the area overhead of the TD sensor, it reuses the WB filter's readout circuitry. Realized in a 180-nm CMOS technology, the hybrid sensor occupies 0.2 mm2. After calibration at room temperature (25 °C) and at an elevated temperature (85 °C), it achieves an inaccuracy of 0.25 °C (3 σ) from-55 °C to 125 °C. The WB sensor dissipates 66 μ W from a 1.8-V supply and achieves a resolution of 450 μ K rms in a 10-ms conversion time, which corresponds to a resolution figure-of-merit (FoM) of 0.13 pJ K2. The sensor also achieves a sub-10-mHz 1/f noise corner, which is comparable to that of bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based temperature sensors.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 3551 - 3559 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits |
Volume | 56 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-careOtherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.
Keywords
- Calibration
- hybrid sensor
- phase-domain delta-sigma modulator (PDΔΣM)
- resistor-based sensor
- temperature sensor
- thermal diffusivity (TD)