@inproceedings{36ee3bbc41b342409de864a52226a2ea,
title = "Advances of TNO's electromagnetic deformable mirror development",
abstract = "TNO is developing Deformable Mirror (DM) technology, targeted for aberration correction in high-end Adaptive Optics (AO) applications in the field of lithography, astronomy, space and laser communication. The heart of this deformable mirror technology is a unique actuator technology based on the variable reluctance principle. The main advantages of this technology are the inherent high reliability, linearity (>99%), and high efficiency in terms of force per volume and unit power. Based on this actuator technology TNO built and tested a prototype DM, with 57 actuators, and a mirror diameter of {\O}160mm. The test results show a highly linear actuator response, with less than 1% hysteresis over a stroke of 40μm. Atmospheric aberration correction has been shown with these DM's in a free space laser-communication bread board. The same actuator technology is also used in the application of a highly compact Fine Steering Mirror (FSM), with an overall volume of {\O}27x30mm, with a {\O}20mm mirror. This FSM is targeted for satellite-based lasercommunication terminals. Furthermore, a design study has been carried out to show the scalability of this technology towards large (~{\O}1m to ~{\O}3m) adaptive (secondary) mirrors with several hundreds, up to thousands of actuators. In this paper these different DM and FSM's are discussed, and the latest test results obtained with the DM prototypes are presented.",
keywords = "Adaptive optics, Adaptive secondary, Deformable mirror, Fine steering mirror, Linear actuators",
author = "Stefan Kuiper and Niek Doelman and Jet Human and Rudolf Saathof and Wimar Klop and Matthew Maniscalco",
year = "2018",
doi = "10.1117/12.2311981",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781510619654",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Roland Geyl and Ramon Navarro",
booktitle = "Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation III",
address = "United States",
note = "Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation III 2018 ; Conference date: 10-06-2018 Through 15-06-2018",
}