AI-based energy management strategies for electric vehicles: Challenges and future directions

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a promising solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing the transportation sector's dependency on non-renewable energy sources. However, efficient energy management poses a significant challenge for their broader adoption, particularly optimizing battery usage, maximizing driving range, and improving overall vehicle performance. This paper presents the state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques used in electric vehicle energy management systems (EV-EMS), discussing a variety of deep learning algorithms of AI methodologies, such as, neural networks, and fuzzy logic. Additionally, This paper discusses the role of auxiliary techniques like transfer learning, which enhances model adaptability and reduces training time in AI-driven EMS applications. Through a systematic analysis of each method, this review identifies key trends, highlights the challenges and limitations of each technique, and offers perspectives on potential solutions and future research directions. The paper aims to support researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers in developing advanced, sustainable, and adaptable EV-EMS solutions that maximize battery life, improve vehicle performance, and facilitate real-time adaptive control. Finally, this review highlights the importance of AI-driven strategies in making EV technology more efficient, reliable, and scalable.