TY - JOUR
T1 - An Output Bandwidth Optimized 200-Gb/s PAM-4 100-Gb/s NRZ Transmitter With 5-Tap FFE in 28-nm CMOS
AU - Wang, Zhongkai
AU - Choi, Minsoo
AU - Lee, Kyoungtae
AU - Park, Kwanseo
AU - Liu, Zhaokai
AU - Biswas, Ayan
AU - Han, Jaeduk
AU - Du, Sijun
AU - Alon, Elad
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This article presents a 200-Gb/s pulse amplitude-modulation four-level (PAM-4) and 100-Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) transmitter (TX) in 28-nm CMOS technology. To achieve the target data rate, the output bandwidth and swing of the proposed TX are optimized by minimizing the output capacitance of the 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) and driver stage with pull-up current sources and adopting a fully reconfigurable 5-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE). The key circuit includes a segmented 8:4 MUX and 4:1 MUX/driver, a thermal encoder and retimer, and a flexible clock distribution network. Using the layout generated with Berkeley Analog Generator (BAG), the proposed TX achieves an eye opening with >52.9-mV eye height, 0.36 UI eye width, >98% RLM, and 4.63 pJ/b at 200-Gb/s PAM-4 signaling under >6-dB channel loss at 50 GHz, demonstrating the highest data rate achieved using a planar process.
AB - This article presents a 200-Gb/s pulse amplitude-modulation four-level (PAM-4) and 100-Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) transmitter (TX) in 28-nm CMOS technology. To achieve the target data rate, the output bandwidth and swing of the proposed TX are optimized by minimizing the output capacitance of the 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) and driver stage with pull-up current sources and adopting a fully reconfigurable 5-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE). The key circuit includes a segmented 8:4 MUX and 4:1 MUX/driver, a thermal encoder and retimer, and a flexible clock distribution network. Using the layout generated with Berkeley Analog Generator (BAG), the proposed TX achieves an eye opening with >52.9-mV eye height, 0.36 UI eye width, >98% RLM, and 4.63 pJ/b at 200-Gb/s PAM-4 signaling under >6-dB channel loss at 50 GHz, demonstrating the highest data rate achieved using a planar process.
KW - 28 nm
KW - 4:1 multiplexer (MUX)
KW - Berkeley Analog Generator (BAG)
KW - clock distribution
KW - four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4)
KW - pulse generator
KW - quarter-rate
KW - SerDes
KW - transmitter (TX)
KW - wireline
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115160169&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3109562
DO - 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3109562
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115160169
VL - 57
SP - 21
EP - 31
JO - IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits
JF - IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits
SN - 0018-9200
IS - 1
ER -