Analysis procedures accounting for load redistribution mechanisms in masonry earth retaining structures under traffic loading

This paper introduces novel analysis procedures for the structural assessment of masonry earth retaining structures subjected to traffic loading. Given their substantial presence, particularly in transportation networks of historical cities, and the challenges posed by ageing, deterioration, and exposure to loads beyond their original design considerations, this research highlights the necessity of accounting for potential load redistribution mechanisms during their assessment. This can prevent overly conservative interventions that may not be necessary and also contravene sustainability and heritage preservation principles. Four distinct analysis procedures – 2D monotonic, 3D monotonic, 3D static moving load and 3D dynamic moving load – are developed, each progressively more refined than its predecessor in capturing potential load redistribution mechanisms in masonry earth retaining structures. These mechanisms may develop due to the dynamic loading conditions of the vehicular passage, the 3D structural configuration of retaining structures, and non-linear material behaviour. By comparing the structural capacity evaluated using the four procedures, contributions from different sources of load redistribution can be separately quantified, aiding in the reduction of conservatism inherent in less refined assessment procedures. The application of the developed procedures and consequent quantification of load redistribution is demonstrated through a case study of an existing masonry retaining structure in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.