TY - JOUR
T1 - Ancillary Services Market Design in Distribution Networks: Review and Identification of Barriers
AU - Oureilidis, Konstantinos
AU - Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli
AU - Gkavanoudis, Spyros
AU - Cvetkovic, Milos
AU - Mauricio, Juan Manuel
AU - Maza Ortega, Jose Maria
AU - Martinez Ramos, Jose Luis
AU - Papaioannou, George
AU - Demoulias, Charis
AU - More Authors, null
PY - 2020/2/18
Y1 - 2020/2/18
N2 - The high proliferation of converter-dominated Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRESs) at the distribution grid level has gradually replaced the conventional synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in emerging stability and security challenges. The inherent characteristics of the SGs are currently used for providing ancillary services (ASs), following the instructions of the Transmission System Operator, while the DRESs are obliged to offer specific system support functions, without being remunerated for these functions, but only for the energy they inject. This changing environment has prompted the integration of energy storage systems as a solution for transfusing new characteristics and elaborating their business in the electricity markets, while the smart grid infrastructure and the upcoming microgrid architectures contribute to the transformation of the distribution grid. This review investigates the existing ASs in transmission system with the respective markets (emphasizing the DRESs’ participation in these markets) and proposes new ASs at distribution grid level, with emphasis to inertial response, active power ramp rate control, frequency response, voltage regulation, fault contribution and harmonic mitigation. The market tools and mechanisms for the procurement of these ASs are presented evolving the existing role of the Operators. Finally, potential barriers in the technical, regulatory, and financial framework have been identified and analyzed.
AB - The high proliferation of converter-dominated Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRESs) at the distribution grid level has gradually replaced the conventional synchronous generators (SGs) of the transmission system, resulting in emerging stability and security challenges. The inherent characteristics of the SGs are currently used for providing ancillary services (ASs), following the instructions of the Transmission System Operator, while the DRESs are obliged to offer specific system support functions, without being remunerated for these functions, but only for the energy they inject. This changing environment has prompted the integration of energy storage systems as a solution for transfusing new characteristics and elaborating their business in the electricity markets, while the smart grid infrastructure and the upcoming microgrid architectures contribute to the transformation of the distribution grid. This review investigates the existing ASs in transmission system with the respective markets (emphasizing the DRESs’ participation in these markets) and proposes new ASs at distribution grid level, with emphasis to inertial response, active power ramp rate control, frequency response, voltage regulation, fault contribution and harmonic mitigation. The market tools and mechanisms for the procurement of these ASs are presented evolving the existing role of the Operators. Finally, potential barriers in the technical, regulatory, and financial framework have been identified and analyzed.
KW - Ancillary services
KW - Distributed generation
KW - Distribution grid
KW - Electricity markets
KW - Fault contribution
KW - Harmonics mitigation
KW - Inertia response
KW - Primary frequency response
KW - Renewable energy resources
KW - Voltage regulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85080883948&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en13040917
DO - 10.3390/en13040917
M3 - Review article
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 13
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 4
M1 - en13040917
ER -
