Application Opportunities and Design Guidelines for Variable Stiffness Concepts Based on a Dual-layer Beam Model

Variable stiffness concepts enable structural adaptation through smart materials with inherent stiffness variation or innovative configuration-based designs using conventional materials. This study focuses on SMP-based concepts for shape control and vibration mitigation. A dual-layer beam model relates stiffness variation to thickness and modulus ratios. Stiffness variations directly affect structural frequencies and are often accompanied by damping ratio variations, which is critical for semi-active vibration control. SMP-based components (e.g., joints, sandwich plates) enable vibration mitigation, although their efficiency depends on structural form. This study provides insights into frequency shifts, damping variations, material usage, and structural forms as key design parameters. A parametric study identifies principles for material distribution and vibration control efficiency, forming a design framework applicable to a wide range of systems.