Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Tim Boot; Ton Riemslag; Elise Reinton; Ping Liu; Carey L. Walters; Vera Popovich

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_65

Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Tim Boot^*, Ton Riemslag, Elise Reinton, Ping Liu, Carey L. Walters, Vera Popovich

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

With fossil fuels being phased out and growing global interest in a hydrogen economy, there is demand for re-purposing existing pipelines for transportation of hydrogen gas. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) can limit pipeline steel’s performance. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X60 base metal (polygonal ferrite/pearlite) and its girth weld (acicular ferrite/pearlite) was measured with a novel slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test in which hollow pipe-like specimens were internally pressurised with nitrogen and hydrogen gas from 0 to 100 bars. Results showed that exposure to H₂ gas at 100 bars reduced the ductility of the base metal by up to 40% and the weld metal by 14%. Reduction in cross-sectional area (%RA) reduced by up to 28% in the base metal and 11% in the weld metal. Fracture surface analysis showed micro-void coalescence as well as quasi-cleavage fracture characteristic of HE. Susceptibility to HE was also observed in the form of secondary longitudinal and internal transverse cracks.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings
Place of Publication	Cham, Switzerland
Publisher	Springer
Pages	722-729
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-030-65261-6
ISBN (Print)	978-3-030-65260-9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_65
Publication status	Published - 2021
Event	150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2021 - Pittsburgh, United States Duration: 15 Mar 2021 → 18 Mar 2021

Publication series

Name	Minerals, Metals and Materials Series
Volume	5
ISSN (Print)	2367-1181
ISSN (Electronic)	2367-1696

Conference

Conference	150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2021
Country/Territory	United States
City	Pittsburgh
Period	15/03/21 → 18/03/21

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care

Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Fractography
Hydrogen embrittlement
In situ testing
Pipeline steel

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_65

Boot2021_Chapter_AssessingTheSusceptibilityOfEx-1Final published version, 440 KB

Cite this

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title = "Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement",

abstract = "With fossil fuels being phased out and growing global interest in a hydrogen economy, there is demand for re-purposing existing pipelines for transportation of hydrogen gas. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) can limit pipeline steel{\textquoteright}s performance. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X60 base metal (polygonal ferrite/pearlite) and its girth weld (acicular ferrite/pearlite) was measured with a novel slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test in which hollow pipe-like specimens were internally pressurised with nitrogen and hydrogen gas from 0 to 100 bars. Results showed that exposure to H2 gas at 100 bars reduced the ductility of the base metal by up to 40% and the weld metal by 14%. Reduction in cross-sectional area (%RA) reduced by up to 28% in the base metal and 11% in the weld metal. Fracture surface analysis showed micro-void coalescence as well as quasi-cleavage fracture characteristic of HE. Susceptibility to HE was also observed in the form of secondary longitudinal and internal transverse cracks.",

keywords = "Fractography, Hydrogen embrittlement, In situ testing, Pipeline steel",

author = "Tim Boot and Ton Riemslag and Elise Reinton and Ping Liu and Walters, {Carey L.} and Vera Popovich",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.; 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2021 ; Conference date: 15-03-2021 Through 18-03-2021",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_65",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-3-030-65260-9",

series = "Minerals, Metals and Materials Series",

publisher = "Springer",

pages = "722--729",

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Boot, T , Riemslag, T , Reinton, E, Liu, P, Walters, CL & Popovich, V 2021, Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement. in TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. Minerals, Metals and Materials Series, vol. 5, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 722-729, 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2021, Pittsburgh, United States, 15/03/21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_65

Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement. / Boot, Tim ; Riemslag, Ton ; Reinton, Elise et al.
TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021. p. 722-729 (Minerals, Metals and Materials Series; Vol. 5).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement

AU - Boot, Tim

AU - Riemslag, Ton

AU - Reinton, Elise

AU - Liu, Ping

AU - Walters, Carey L.

AU - Popovich, Vera

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - With fossil fuels being phased out and growing global interest in a hydrogen economy, there is demand for re-purposing existing pipelines for transportation of hydrogen gas. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) can limit pipeline steel’s performance. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X60 base metal (polygonal ferrite/pearlite) and its girth weld (acicular ferrite/pearlite) was measured with a novel slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test in which hollow pipe-like specimens were internally pressurised with nitrogen and hydrogen gas from 0 to 100 bars. Results showed that exposure to H2 gas at 100 bars reduced the ductility of the base metal by up to 40% and the weld metal by 14%. Reduction in cross-sectional area (%RA) reduced by up to 28% in the base metal and 11% in the weld metal. Fracture surface analysis showed micro-void coalescence as well as quasi-cleavage fracture characteristic of HE. Susceptibility to HE was also observed in the form of secondary longitudinal and internal transverse cracks.

AB - With fossil fuels being phased out and growing global interest in a hydrogen economy, there is demand for re-purposing existing pipelines for transportation of hydrogen gas. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) can limit pipeline steel’s performance. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an X60 base metal (polygonal ferrite/pearlite) and its girth weld (acicular ferrite/pearlite) was measured with a novel slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test in which hollow pipe-like specimens were internally pressurised with nitrogen and hydrogen gas from 0 to 100 bars. Results showed that exposure to H2 gas at 100 bars reduced the ductility of the base metal by up to 40% and the weld metal by 14%. Reduction in cross-sectional area (%RA) reduced by up to 28% in the base metal and 11% in the weld metal. Fracture surface analysis showed micro-void coalescence as well as quasi-cleavage fracture characteristic of HE. Susceptibility to HE was also observed in the form of secondary longitudinal and internal transverse cracks.

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DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_65

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85104458525

SN - 978-3-030-65260-9

T3 - Minerals, Metals and Materials Series

SP - 722

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BT - TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings

PB - Springer

CY - Cham, Switzerland

T2 - 150th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2021

Y2 - 15 March 2021 through 18 March 2021

ER -

Assessing the Susceptibility of Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Abstract

Publication series

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Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

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