At-stop control measures in public transport: Literature review and research agenda

In this literature review, we systematically review studies on public transit control with a specific focus on at-stop measures. In our synthesis of the relevant literature, we consider three perspectives: (1) the mathematical models of the proposed methodologies; (2) their complexity; (3) their applicability in real-time operations and their advantages and disadvantages considering their practical implications. The reviewed control methods include holding, dynamic dispatching, and stop-skipping. Control methods, that have attracted more attention in recent years due to the advancements in automation and data availability, aim at alleviating the negative effects of service variability because of external disruptions. Following the synthesis of the literature, we propose a research agenda pertaining to the combination of control measures, passenger-oriented decision making, coordinated network control, deployment of electric buses and disturbance management.