Automated adaptive façade functions in practice: Case studies on office buildings

The study examines the existing technical basis in building practice for the application of cyber-physical systems on the façade. The associated intelligent cooperation of automated adaptive façade functions, inspired by intelligent technical systems in industry 4.0, offers a potential for the overall building performance. By the type and scope of automations already introduced today, façade functions are identified that offer special potential for consideration in a cyber-physically implemented façade. The investigation represents a multiple case study analysis in which office façades in Germany are examined. Data is collected from literature, expert interviews and field investigations. The evaluation is carried out in a single case analysis and a following cross-case analysis, in which patterns and dependencies in the joint implementation of automated and adaptive façade functions are identified. The study found that especially sun-related functions are implemented adaptively, often in combination with ventilation and the heating and cooling support function.