Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives

William E. Dyer; Henk Schut; Clemens A. Dransfeld; Baris Kumru

Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives

William E. Dyer^*, Henk Schut, Clemens A. Dransfeld, Baris Kumru

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

Epoxy resins have been used as composite matrix materials for over half a century, enabling lightweight materials for a variety of applications. Their properties including high strength, chemical resistance, and ease of processing feature them as prime candidates for composite applications. Currently, high performance epoxy monomers are derived from non-renewable feedstocks, which presents a problem for future generations and technologies regarding sustainability. Many bio-based alternatives have been investigated, but properties fall short of high-performance industry standards due to a lack of appropriate chemical groups. Herein 3 bio-based epoxy monomers, with potential to replace high-performance standards, are compared against 3 petroleum derived industry standards. Industrial high performance aromatic diamine crystalline hardener is used to synthesise resin systems. Tensile, flexural and fracture toughness properties are investigated following ASTM standards. Beyond a practical investigation of the physical properties of these resins a comparison of chemical structure to mechanical properties is made. Free volume investigations using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were performed, and can be used to explain to some degree the observed properties of the resin systems.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials
Subtitle of host publication	Volume 1 - Industrial applications
Editors	Christophe Binetruy, Frédéric Jacquemin
Publisher	The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes.
Pages	137-143
Number of pages	7
Volume	1
ISBN (Electronic)	978-2-912985-01-9
Publication status	Published - 2024
Event	21st European Conference on Composite Materials - Cité des Congrès de Nantes, Nantes, France Duration: 2 Jul 2024 → 5 Jul 2024 Conference number: 21 https://eccm21.org/

Conference

Conference	21st European Conference on Composite Materials
Abbreviated title	ECCM21
Country/Territory	France
City	Nantes
Period	2/07/24 → 5/07/24
Internet address	https://eccm21.org/

Keywords

composite matrices
sustainable thermosets
biobased materials
fracture toughness
free volume

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Bio-Based Epoxies - Mechanical Properties And Free Volume PerspectivesFinal published version, 432 KBLicence: CC BY-NC

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Dyer, W. E., Schut, H., Dransfeld, C. A., & Kumru, B. (2024). Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives. In C. Binetruy, & F. Jacquemin (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials: Volume 1 - Industrial applications (Vol. 1, pp. 137-143). The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes..

Dyer, William E. ; Schut, Henk ; Dransfeld, Clemens A. et al. / Bio-Based Epoxies : Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives. Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials: Volume 1 - Industrial applications. editor / Christophe Binetruy ; Frédéric Jacquemin. Vol. 1 The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes., 2024. pp. 137-143

@inproceedings{5191a637fc3149ab82f4eacb520b5677,

title = "Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives",

abstract = "Epoxy resins have been used as composite matrix materials for over half a century, enabling lightweight materials for a variety of applications. Their properties including high strength, chemical resistance, and ease of processing feature them as prime candidates for composite applications. Currently, high performance epoxy monomers are derived from non-renewable feedstocks, which presents a problem for future generations and technologies regarding sustainability. Many bio-based alternatives have been investigated, but properties fall short of high-performance industry standards due to a lack of appropriate chemical groups. Herein 3 bio-based epoxy monomers, with potential to replace high-performance standards, are compared against 3 petroleum derived industry standards. Industrial high performance aromatic diamine crystalline hardener is used to synthesise resin systems. Tensile, flexural and fracture toughness properties are investigated following ASTM standards. Beyond a practical investigation of the physical properties of these resins a comparison of chemical structure to mechanical properties is made. Free volume investigations using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were performed, and can be used to explain to some degree the observed properties of the resin systems.",

keywords = "composite matrices, sustainable thermosets, biobased materials, fracture toughness, free volume",

author = "Dyer, {William E.} and Henk Schut and Dransfeld, {Clemens A.} and Baris Kumru",

year = "2024",

language = "English",

volume = "1",

pages = "137--143",

editor = "Binetruy, {Christophe } and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Jacquemin",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials",

publisher = "The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes.",

note = "21st European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM21 ; Conference date: 02-07-2024 Through 05-07-2024",

url = " https://eccm21.org/",

}

Dyer, WE , Schut, H , Dransfeld, CA & Kumru, B 2024, Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives. in C Binetruy & F Jacquemin (eds), Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials: Volume 1 - Industrial applications. vol. 1, The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes., pp. 137-143, 21st European Conference on Composite Materials, Nantes, France, 2/07/24.

Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives. / Dyer, William E.; Schut, Henk ; Dransfeld, Clemens A. et al.
Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials: Volume 1 - Industrial applications. ed. / Christophe Binetruy; Frédéric Jacquemin. Vol. 1 The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes., 2024. p. 137-143.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Bio-Based Epoxies

T2 - 21st European Conference on Composite Materials

AU - Dyer, William E.

AU - Schut, Henk

AU - Dransfeld, Clemens A.

AU - Kumru, Baris

N1 - Conference code: 21

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Epoxy resins have been used as composite matrix materials for over half a century, enabling lightweight materials for a variety of applications. Their properties including high strength, chemical resistance, and ease of processing feature them as prime candidates for composite applications. Currently, high performance epoxy monomers are derived from non-renewable feedstocks, which presents a problem for future generations and technologies regarding sustainability. Many bio-based alternatives have been investigated, but properties fall short of high-performance industry standards due to a lack of appropriate chemical groups. Herein 3 bio-based epoxy monomers, with potential to replace high-performance standards, are compared against 3 petroleum derived industry standards. Industrial high performance aromatic diamine crystalline hardener is used to synthesise resin systems. Tensile, flexural and fracture toughness properties are investigated following ASTM standards. Beyond a practical investigation of the physical properties of these resins a comparison of chemical structure to mechanical properties is made. Free volume investigations using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were performed, and can be used to explain to some degree the observed properties of the resin systems.

AB - Epoxy resins have been used as composite matrix materials for over half a century, enabling lightweight materials for a variety of applications. Their properties including high strength, chemical resistance, and ease of processing feature them as prime candidates for composite applications. Currently, high performance epoxy monomers are derived from non-renewable feedstocks, which presents a problem for future generations and technologies regarding sustainability. Many bio-based alternatives have been investigated, but properties fall short of high-performance industry standards due to a lack of appropriate chemical groups. Herein 3 bio-based epoxy monomers, with potential to replace high-performance standards, are compared against 3 petroleum derived industry standards. Industrial high performance aromatic diamine crystalline hardener is used to synthesise resin systems. Tensile, flexural and fracture toughness properties are investigated following ASTM standards. Beyond a practical investigation of the physical properties of these resins a comparison of chemical structure to mechanical properties is made. Free volume investigations using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were performed, and can be used to explain to some degree the observed properties of the resin systems.

KW - composite matrices

KW - sustainable thermosets

KW - biobased materials

KW - fracture toughness

KW - free volume

UR - https://doi.org/10.60691/yj56-np80

M3 - Conference contribution

VL - 1

SP - 137

EP - 143

BT - Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials

A2 - Binetruy, Christophe

A2 - Jacquemin, Frédéric

PB - The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes.

Y2 - 2 July 2024 through 5 July 2024

ER -

Bio-Based Epoxies: Mechanical Properties And Free Volume Perspectives

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

UN SDGs

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