Challenges in Advanced Solid Waste Separation

Efficient mechanical and sensor-based separation of mixed solid waste into valuable secondary materials is a critical step in recycling and in the preservation of primary resources. To position the associated research field, we discuss backgrounds and links to societal and political developments within and outside the classical waste chain. An encompassing theory detailing separation processes is briefly introduced and explained using appealing examples. The roles of science and industry in the development of innovative technologies is clarified, finishing with examples of physical principles that are behind many contemporary separation technologies. Throughout, scientific challenges and technological advances are identified.