TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinically relevant fungi in water and on surfaces in an indoor swimming pool facility
AU - Ekowati, Yuli
AU - van Diepeningen, Anne D.
AU - Ferrero, Giuliana
AU - Kennedy, Maria D.
AU - de Roda Husman, Ana Maria
AU - Schets, Franciska M.
PY - 2017/10/1
Y1 - 2017/10/1
N2 - The density of fungal contamination and the fungal diversity in an indoor swimming pool facility were assessed. A total of 16 surface samples and 6 water samples were analysed by using a combination of different (semi-) selective culture media. Isolated fungal colonies were identified to the genus or species level by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The highest fungal counts in water and on surfaces were in the recreational pool (17 CFU/100 mL) and on a flexibeam (5.8 CFU/cm2), respectively as compared with low counts (<0.1 CFU/cm2) on the diving platform, bench tops and walls. The 357 obtained isolates belonged to 79 species and species complexes, 42 of which known as clinically relevant. Phialophora oxyspora (13.7%) and Phoma spp. (12.3%) were the most frequently identified groups. We demonstrated that despite chlorine treatment and regular cleaning of surfaces both water and surfaces were commonly infested with fungi, including many clinically relevant species.
AB - The density of fungal contamination and the fungal diversity in an indoor swimming pool facility were assessed. A total of 16 surface samples and 6 water samples were analysed by using a combination of different (semi-) selective culture media. Isolated fungal colonies were identified to the genus or species level by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The highest fungal counts in water and on surfaces were in the recreational pool (17 CFU/100 mL) and on a flexibeam (5.8 CFU/cm2), respectively as compared with low counts (<0.1 CFU/cm2) on the diving platform, bench tops and walls. The 357 obtained isolates belonged to 79 species and species complexes, 42 of which known as clinically relevant. Phialophora oxyspora (13.7%) and Phoma spp. (12.3%) were the most frequently identified groups. We demonstrated that despite chlorine treatment and regular cleaning of surfaces both water and surfaces were commonly infested with fungi, including many clinically relevant species.
KW - Cleaning
KW - Clinical fungi
KW - Diversity
KW - Exposure
KW - Occurrence
KW - Spatial distribution
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85023763966&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.002
DO - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85023763966
SN - 1438-4639
VL - 220
SP - 1152
EP - 1160
JO - International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
JF - International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
IS - 7
ER -
