CMOS circuits and systems for cryogenic control of silicon quantum processors

Quantum computers can provide exponential speedup in solving certain computational problems pertaining to drug discovery, cybersecurity, weather forecasting, etc. Although a quantum computer with just 50-qubits has been shown to surpass the computing power of the best supercomputers in specific applications, millions of qubits would be required for useful practical applications. One of the biggest obstacles in scaling from 50 qubits to millions of qubits is the interconnect bottleneck between solid-state qubits operating at 20 milliKelvin inside a dilution refrigerator and control electronics outside the dilution refrigerator connected via long coaxial cables. A 50-qubit processor requires hundreds of cables, digital to analog converters, mixers and amplifiers, clearly challenging the scalability of the system. The goal of this research is to build scalable quantum computers by operating CMOS control electronics inside the dilution refrigerator in proximity to quantum processors. The dissertation covers a broad aspect of cryogenic integrated circuit design spanning across devices, circuits and systems.