TY - JOUR
T1 - Cost-effective GNSS as a tool for monitoring volcanic deformation
T2 - A case study on Saba in the Lesser Antilles
AU - Krietemeyer, Andreas
AU - van Dalfsen, Elske
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - We present the design and positioning results of four cost-effective Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) units deployed on Saba, Caribbean Netherlands. Despite harsh environmental conditions and initial prototyping challenges the units function well. Each unit costs less than €1.000 and integrates solar charging capabilities, data logging and data transmission via the introduced 4G extension. The positioning performance of the cost-effective units is comparable to those of conventional permanent GNSS stations on the island, with standard deviations in the horizontal and vertical components within 2–4 mm and 6–9 mm, respectively. The cost-effective units can be used to expand existing GNSS monitoring networks or to build stand-alone networks in budget-constrained environments. Their rapid deployment solution makes them suitable for hazardous applications. Future improvements to the current Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design, implementing the presented changes, are anticipated. The schematics of the PCBs, material lists, and software are made available to the community.
AB - We present the design and positioning results of four cost-effective Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) units deployed on Saba, Caribbean Netherlands. Despite harsh environmental conditions and initial prototyping challenges the units function well. Each unit costs less than €1.000 and integrates solar charging capabilities, data logging and data transmission via the introduced 4G extension. The positioning performance of the cost-effective units is comparable to those of conventional permanent GNSS stations on the island, with standard deviations in the horizontal and vertical components within 2–4 mm and 6–9 mm, respectively. The cost-effective units can be used to expand existing GNSS monitoring networks or to build stand-alone networks in budget-constrained environments. Their rapid deployment solution makes them suitable for hazardous applications. Future improvements to the current Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design, implementing the presented changes, are anticipated. The schematics of the PCBs, material lists, and software are made available to the community.
KW - Cost-effective
KW - Deformation monitoring
KW - GNSS
KW - Lesser Antilles
KW - Saba
KW - Volcano monitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85214341973&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108263
DO - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108263
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85214341973
SN - 0377-0273
VL - 459
JO - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
JF - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
M1 - 108263
ER -