TY - JOUR
T1 - Detection and quantification of lateral, illicit connections and infiltration in sewers with Infra-Red camera
T2 - Conclusions after a wide experimental plan
AU - Lepot, Mathieu
AU - Makris, Konstantinos F.
AU - Clemens, François H.L.R.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Separate sewer systems are sensitive to illegal or mis-connections. Several techniques (including the Distributed Temperature Sensor) are now available to identify and locate those connections. Based on thermal fingerprints, DTS allows the localization of each lateral connection along a reach. The use of Infra-Red camera has been investigated with 748 laboratory experiments (artificial connections along a flume). The tested connections vary in diameters (from 75 to 200 mm), lengths of intrusion (from 0 to 200 m), shapes (circular or linear i.e. cracks), depths, discharge rates between the lateral connection and the main flume, and temperatures. IR frame analysis (for detection) and 2D temperature mapping (at the free water surface, for quantification) demonstrate that: i) the detection limit is very low (ratio between lateral and main discharges: 0.025) and ii) the quantification of the lateral discharge is impossible. Application of an IR camera seems to be a promising technique to detect lateral connections.
AB - Separate sewer systems are sensitive to illegal or mis-connections. Several techniques (including the Distributed Temperature Sensor) are now available to identify and locate those connections. Based on thermal fingerprints, DTS allows the localization of each lateral connection along a reach. The use of Infra-Red camera has been investigated with 748 laboratory experiments (artificial connections along a flume). The tested connections vary in diameters (from 75 to 200 mm), lengths of intrusion (from 0 to 200 m), shapes (circular or linear i.e. cracks), depths, discharge rates between the lateral connection and the main flume, and temperatures. IR frame analysis (for detection) and 2D temperature mapping (at the free water surface, for quantification) demonstrate that: i) the detection limit is very low (ratio between lateral and main discharges: 0.025) and ii) the quantification of the lateral discharge is impossible. Application of an IR camera seems to be a promising technique to detect lateral connections.
KW - Connection
KW - Identification
KW - Quantification
KW - Separate sewer
KW - Thermography
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021632588&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.030
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.030
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85021632588
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 122
SP - 678
EP - 691
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
ER -