Deterioration of the piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 when using Na2CO3 as a sintering aid: A crystallographic and microstructural study

Tadhg Mahon; Dimosthenis Giannopoulos; Sybrand van der Zwaag; Pim Groen

doi:10.1063/5.0044636

Deterioration of the piezoelectric properties of (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ when using Na₂CO₃ as a sintering aid: A crystallographic and microstructural study

Tadhg Mahon^*, Dimosthenis Giannopoulos, Sybrand van der Zwaag, Pim Groen

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

In this work, we present the impact of using Na₂CO₃ as a sintering aid and grain growth agent on the crystal structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ ceramics. The addition of Na₂CO₃ leads to a substantial increase in the grain size and density even at a reduced sintering temperature of 1025 °C. However, at the same time, the value of the piezoelectric constant d₃₃ drops dramatically. Using high-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis, we demonstrate that the decrease in piezoelectric constant is due to a change in the chemical composition of the (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ base material rather than due to the change in the grain size. High Na₂CO₃-addition levels lead to the formation of Bi₂O₃ as a secondary phase during sintering too.

Original language	English
Article number	134102
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Applied Physics
Volume	129
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0044636
Publication status	Published - 2021

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Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

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title = "Deterioration of the piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 when using Na2CO3 as a sintering aid: A crystallographic and microstructural study",

abstract = "In this work, we present the impact of using Na2CO3 as a sintering aid and grain growth agent on the crystal structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics. The addition of Na2CO3 leads to a substantial increase in the grain size and density even at a reduced sintering temperature of 1025 °C. However, at the same time, the value of the piezoelectric constant d33 drops dramatically. Using high-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis, we demonstrate that the decrease in piezoelectric constant is due to a change in the chemical composition of the (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 base material rather than due to the change in the grain size. High Na2CO3-addition levels lead to the formation of Bi2O3 as a secondary phase during sintering too.",

author = "Tadhg Mahon and Dimosthenis Giannopoulos and {van der Zwaag}, Sybrand and Pim Groen",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository {\textquoteleft}You share, we take care!{\textquoteright} – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. ",

year = "2021",

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AU - Giannopoulos, Dimosthenis

AU - van der Zwaag, Sybrand

AU - Groen, Pim

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

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AB - In this work, we present the impact of using Na2CO3 as a sintering aid and grain growth agent on the crystal structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics. The addition of Na2CO3 leads to a substantial increase in the grain size and density even at a reduced sintering temperature of 1025 °C. However, at the same time, the value of the piezoelectric constant d33 drops dramatically. Using high-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis, we demonstrate that the decrease in piezoelectric constant is due to a change in the chemical composition of the (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 base material rather than due to the change in the grain size. High Na2CO3-addition levels lead to the formation of Bi2O3 as a secondary phase during sintering too.

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Deterioration of the piezoelectric properties of (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ when using Na₂CO₃ as a sintering aid: A crystallographic and microstructural study

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