Dutch Hybrid Neighbourhoods of the Late 19th Century in Heat Transition

This paper explores the typo-morphologic characteristics of late 19th century hybrid neighbourhoods in urban region of The Netherlands and possibilities of a feasible climate neutral energy system in the future. Sustainable Development Goals are involved such as ensure access to affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) and make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (SDG 11). With the Dutch-Climate-Agreement 2019 The Netherlands decided on a neighbourhood approach to the transition from natural gas to a climate neutral energy supply in buildings. Implicit homogeneity in most buildings of neighbourhoods is presupposed, in contrast to older neighbourhoods that were laid out before WWI. These are nowadays heterogenic, attractive, mixed and often protected neighbourhoods because of the quality of the architecture. Establishing a generic energy plan here is a challenge. The foremost important conclusion is the recognition of the architectural and urban quality and features of these kinds of neighbourhoods and to develop specific legislation and rules about insulation, service and energy systems. Conclusion about the strategy is that one should not rely on a single generic solution but apply multiple forms of heat supply over a longer period of time. There is lack of heat and construction capacity. And in inhabited state and combine it with a box-in-box-renovating, for example when people are moving. Organise the tenants of neighbourhood, not buildings owners, and implement legislation and framework for rental apartments; insulate to mandatory EPC label (B/C), sound and energy production of heat pumps and district heating.