Dynamic Analysis of Photovoltaic to Virtual Bus Parallel Differential Power Processing Architecture

Photovoltaic (PV) to virtual bus parallel differential power processing (PDPP) architecture can mitigate mismatch losses among PV strings. This article presents a comprehensive dynamic analysis by deriving a small-signal model of the PDPP architecture based on its state space model. Subsequently, the corresponding transfer functions and frequency response are obtained, offering valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of the architecture. To validate the accuracy of the derived model, the frequency response has also been achieved by observed data from both PLECS simulation and experiment through system identification. Besides, this article discusses the design considerations of the discrete controllers' parameters for both virtual and intermediate bus voltages and studies the stability of the architecture. Experimental measurements confirm the ability of the central controller to stabilize the virtual bus voltage to the desired level within 0.6 seconds, while the intermediate bus voltages settle within 15 ms, enabling proper maximum power point tracking of each PV string.