Economic model for tackling intentional domino effects in a chemical facility

The economic issues of risk play an indispensable role in the decision-making process with respect to safety and security management since companies usually face budget limitations. This chapter introduces an economic approach to tackle intentional domino effects in chemical industrial facilities, including threat analysis, vulnerability assessment, cost-benefit analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis. The vulnerability assessment, on the basis of threat analysis, addresses the vulnerability of installations directly against intentional attacks as well as the vulnerability of installations exposed to possible domino effects induced by the attacks. Net benefit value, net present value, and disproportion factor are quantified in the cost-benefit analysis to determine whether an integrated protection strategy (a combination of safety and security measures) is profitable, or not. Finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis is developed to achieve the most cost-effective protection strategy within budget constraints.