TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficiently assessing the early-age cracking risk of cementitious materials with a mini temperature stress testing machine
AU - Liang, Minfei
AU - Chang, Ze
AU - Holthuizen, Patrick
AU - Chen, Yu
AU - He, Shan
AU - Schlangen, Erik
AU - Šavija, Branko
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Temperature Stress Testing Machine (TSTM) is a universal testing tool for many properties relevant to early-age cracking of cementitious materials. However, the complexity of TSTMs require heavy lab work and thus hinders a more thorough parametric study on a range of cementitious materials. This study presents the development and validation of a Mini-TSTM for efficiently testing the autogenous deformation (AD), viscoelastic properties, and their combined results, the early-age stress (EAS). The setup was validated through systematic tests of EAS, AD, elastic modulus, and creep. Besides, the heating/cooling capability of the setup was examined by tests of coefficient of thermal expansion by temperature cycles. The results of EAS correspond well to that of AD, which qualitatively validates the developed setup. To quantitatively validate the setup, a classical viscoelastic model was built, based on the scenario of a 1-D uniaxial restraint test, to predict the EAS results with the tested AD, elastic modulus, and creep of the same cementitious material as the input. The predicted EAS matched the testing results of Mini-TSTM with good accuracy in 6 different cases. The viscoelastic model also provided quantitative explanations for why variations in early AD do not influence the EAS results. The testing and modelling results together validate the developed Mini-TSTM setup as an efficient tool for studying early-age cracking of cementitious materials. At the end, the potential limitations of the Mini-TSTM are discussed and its applicability for concrete with aggregate size up to 22 mm is demonstrated.
AB - Temperature Stress Testing Machine (TSTM) is a universal testing tool for many properties relevant to early-age cracking of cementitious materials. However, the complexity of TSTMs require heavy lab work and thus hinders a more thorough parametric study on a range of cementitious materials. This study presents the development and validation of a Mini-TSTM for efficiently testing the autogenous deformation (AD), viscoelastic properties, and their combined results, the early-age stress (EAS). The setup was validated through systematic tests of EAS, AD, elastic modulus, and creep. Besides, the heating/cooling capability of the setup was examined by tests of coefficient of thermal expansion by temperature cycles. The results of EAS correspond well to that of AD, which qualitatively validates the developed setup. To quantitatively validate the setup, a classical viscoelastic model was built, based on the scenario of a 1-D uniaxial restraint test, to predict the EAS results with the tested AD, elastic modulus, and creep of the same cementitious material as the input. The predicted EAS matched the testing results of Mini-TSTM with good accuracy in 6 different cases. The viscoelastic model also provided quantitative explanations for why variations in early AD do not influence the EAS results. The testing and modelling results together validate the developed Mini-TSTM setup as an efficient tool for studying early-age cracking of cementitious materials. At the end, the potential limitations of the Mini-TSTM are discussed and its applicability for concrete with aggregate size up to 22 mm is demonstrated.
KW - Autogenous deformation
KW - Creep/ relaxation
KW - Early-age cracking
KW - Elastic modulus
KW - Temperature stress testing machine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201426864&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105710
DO - 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105710
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85201426864
SN - 0958-9465
VL - 153
JO - Cement and Concrete Composites
JF - Cement and Concrete Composites
M1 - 105710
ER -