TY - JOUR
T1 - Endocytosis of nutrient transporters in fungi
T2 - The ART of connecting signaling and trafficking
AU - Barata-Antunes, Cláudia
AU - Alves, Rosana
AU - Talaia, Gabriel
AU - Casal, Margarida
AU - Gerós, Hernâni
AU - Mans, Robert
AU - Paiva, Sandra
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Plasma membrane transporters play pivotal roles in the import of nutrients, including sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, carboxylic acids, and metal ions, that surround fungal cells. The selective removal of these transporters by endocytosis is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms that ensures a rapid adaptation of cells to the changing environment (e.g., nutrient fluctuations or different stresses). At the heart of this mechanism lies a network of proteins that includes the arrestin‐related trafficking adaptors (ARTs) which link the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 to nutrient transporters and endocytic factors. Transporter conformational changes, as well as dynamic interactions between its cytosolic termini/loops and with lipids of the plasma membrane, are also critical during the endocytic process. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in nutrient transporter endocytosis, both in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in some species of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus. We elaborate on the physiological importance of tightly regulated endocytosis for cellular fitness under dynamic conditions found in nature and highlight how further understanding and engineering of this process is essential to maximize titer, rate and yield (TRY)-values of engineered cell factories in industrial biotechnological processes.
AB - Plasma membrane transporters play pivotal roles in the import of nutrients, including sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, carboxylic acids, and metal ions, that surround fungal cells. The selective removal of these transporters by endocytosis is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms that ensures a rapid adaptation of cells to the changing environment (e.g., nutrient fluctuations or different stresses). At the heart of this mechanism lies a network of proteins that includes the arrestin‐related trafficking adaptors (ARTs) which link the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 to nutrient transporters and endocytic factors. Transporter conformational changes, as well as dynamic interactions between its cytosolic termini/loops and with lipids of the plasma membrane, are also critical during the endocytic process. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in nutrient transporter endocytosis, both in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in some species of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus. We elaborate on the physiological importance of tightly regulated endocytosis for cellular fitness under dynamic conditions found in nature and highlight how further understanding and engineering of this process is essential to maximize titer, rate and yield (TRY)-values of engineered cell factories in industrial biotechnological processes.
KW - Arrestins
KW - Aspergilli
KW - Biotechnology
KW - Cell factories
KW - Conformational changes
KW - Endocytic signals
KW - Endocytosis
KW - Fungi
KW - MCCs/eisosomes
KW - Metabolism
KW - Nutrient transporters
KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
KW - Signaling pathways
KW - Structure-function
KW - Ubiquitylation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103685496&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.013
DO - 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.013
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85103685496
SN - 2001-0370
VL - 19
SP - 1713
EP - 1737
JO - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
JF - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
ER -