Entropy-stable model reduction of one-dimensional hyperbolic systems using rational quadratic manifolds

In this work we propose a novel method to ensure important entropy inequalities are satisfied semi-discretely when constructing reduced order models (ROMs) on nonlinear reduced manifolds. We are in particular interested in ROMs of systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws. The so-called entropy stability property endows the semi-discrete ROMs with physically admissible behaviour. The method generalizes earlier results on entropy-stable ROMs constructed on linear spaces. The ROM works by evaluating the projected system on a well-chosen approximation of the state that ensures entropy stability. To ensure accuracy of the ROM after this approximation we locally enrich the tangent space of the reduced manifold with important quantities. Using numerical experiments on some well-known equations (the inviscid Burgers equation, shallow water equations and compressible Euler equations) we show the improved structure-preserving properties of our ROM compared to standard approaches and that our approximations have minimal impact on the accuracy of the ROM. We additionally generalize the recently proposed polynomial reduced manifolds to rational polynomial manifolds and show that this leads to an increase in accuracy for our experiments.