Expansion Governance of the Integrated North Seas Offshore Grid

The expansion of offshore power transmission and generation in the North Seas of Europe is accelerating rapidly. This is due to several drivers, including the decarbonization and reform of the European power system, and innovations in offshore wind and high-voltage direct current transmission. So far, this European North Seas offshore grid is composed of conventional transmission lines, which perform the interconnection of onshore power systems and the wind farm connection functions separately. An integrated offshore grid is an innovative concept where some of the transmission lines perform simultaneously both the interconnection and connection functions. Earlier research leveraging optimization approaches already demonstrated that such an integrated offshore grid can provide socio-economical, technical and environmental benefits...