Exploring article 14 of the EU AI proposal: human in the loop challenges when overseeing high-risk ai systems in public service organisations

The European Commission has given emphasis to a human-centric approach to allow the deployment of “safe” Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in our society. However, Article 14 (human oversight obligations) of the EU AI Act Proposal provides little emphasis on human overseers’ responsibilities when tasked to perform meaningful human oversight. This paper tests Article 14 against different challenges of public service organisations such as police departments (street-level bureaucracies) and argues why Article 14 may not be a success in street-level bureaucracies, which could ultimately harm fundamental rights.