Influence of Wind on Subtidal Salt Intrusion and Stratification in Well-Mixed and Partially Stratified Estuaries

Hendrik Jongbloed; Henk M. Schuttelaars; Yoeri M. Dijkstra; Paul B. Donkers; Antonius J.F. Hoitink

doi:10.1175/JPO-D-21-0291.1

Influence of Wind on Subtidal Salt Intrusion and Stratification in Well-Mixed and Partially Stratified Estuaries

Hendrik Jongbloed^*, Henk M. Schuttelaars, Yoeri M. Dijkstra, Paul B. Donkers, Antonius J.F. Hoitink

^*Corresponding author for this work

Mathematical Physics

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Abstract

An idealized width-averaged model is employed to study the influence of wind stress on subtidal salt intrusion and stratification in well-mixed and partially stratified estuaries. We show that even in mild conditions, wind forcing can influence the estuarine salinity structure in a substantial way. By studying the role of wind forcing on dominant salt transport balances and associated salt transport regimes, we unify and clarify ambiguous observations from previous authors regarding the influence of wind stress: the response of the estuarine salinity structure to wind forcing is different depending on the underlying dominant salt transport balance, which in turn was found to determine whether wind-induced salinity shear, wind-induced modulation of the longitudinal salt distribution, or wind-induced mixing dominates. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The purpose of this idealized study is to better understand how wind influences the salinity distribution in estuaries on large time scales. This is important because a change in winds can move saline water further inland, threatening freshwater availability and the natural balance of delicate ecosystems. We clarify the sometimes ambiguous observations regarding the influence of wind on the salt distribution and highlight the importance of including average wind forcing in analyses of estuarine dynamics on large time scales.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3139-3158
Number of pages	20
Journal	Journal of Physical Oceanography
Volume	52
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-21-0291.1
Publication status	Published - 2022

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Funding

Acknowledgments. Hendrik Jongbloed was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within project P18-32 entitled “Salt dispersion across scales and design of counter measures,” which is part of the research programme SALTI Solutions in the NWO domain Applied and Engineering Sciences. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the contents of the paper.

Keywords

Baroclinic flows
Dispersion
Estuaries
Idealized models
Wind stress

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10.1175/JPO-D-21-0291.1

1520-0485-JPO-D-21-0291.1Final published version, 3.1 MB

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title = "Influence of Wind on Subtidal Salt Intrusion and Stratification in Well-Mixed and Partially Stratified Estuaries",

abstract = "An idealized width-averaged model is employed to study the influence of wind stress on subtidal salt intrusion and stratification in well-mixed and partially stratified estuaries. We show that even in mild conditions, wind forcing can influence the estuarine salinity structure in a substantial way. By studying the role of wind forcing on dominant salt transport balances and associated salt transport regimes, we unify and clarify ambiguous observations from previous authors regarding the influence of wind stress: the response of the estuarine salinity structure to wind forcing is different depending on the underlying dominant salt transport balance, which in turn was found to determine whether wind-induced salinity shear, wind-induced modulation of the longitudinal salt distribution, or wind-induced mixing dominates. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The purpose of this idealized study is to better understand how wind influences the salinity distribution in estuaries on large time scales. This is important because a change in winds can move saline water further inland, threatening freshwater availability and the natural balance of delicate ecosystems. We clarify the sometimes ambiguous observations regarding the influence of wind on the salt distribution and highlight the importance of including average wind forcing in analyses of estuarine dynamics on large time scales.",

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Influence of Wind on Subtidal Salt Intrusion and Stratification in Well-Mixed and Partially Stratified Estuaries

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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