Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning

Wojciech J. Stepniowski; Marcin Moneta; Krzysztof Karczewski; Marta Michalska-Domanska; Tomasz Czujko; Johannes M.C. Mol; Josephus G. Buijnsters

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052

Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning

Wojciech J. Stepniowski^*, Marcin Moneta, Krzysztof Karczewski, Marta Michalska-Domanska, Tomasz Czujko, Johannes M.C. Mol, Josephus G. Buijnsters

^*Corresponding author for this work

Micro and Nano Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

29 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Anodic aluminum oxide was formed by employing mild and hard anodizing in sulfuric acid followed by mild anodizing in oxalic acid without oxide removal in-between at 40 and 45 V. Such multi-step anodizing, combining hard anodizing in sulfuric acid with mild anodizing in oxalic acid allowed to form a highly-ordered nanoporous template with a barrier layer at the pore bottoms thin enough for further processing. Four different conditions of electrochemical barrier layer thinning, with varied voltage steps and their time durations, were investigated. Optimized conditions allowed to provide conductivity at the pore bottoms and made the nanoporous oxide templates suitable for electrodeposition. It was found that the most effective barrier layer thinning approach employs voltage steps U_{n + 1} = 0.75·U_n with each step (n) being 10 s long. To check applicability of the formed templates, copper electrodeposition from sulfate-borate bath was done. Copper nanowires with average length of about 14–16 μm and diameter of about 35–40 nm were obtained by using through-hole AAO templates.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	59-66
Journal	Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Volume	809
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052
Publication status	Published - 2018

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Anodic aluminum oxide
Anodizing
Copper nanowires
Electrochemical barrier layer thinning
Electrodeposition
Hard anodizing
Self-organization

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10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052

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Stepniowski, W. J., Moneta, M., Karczewski, K., Michalska-Domanska, M., Czujko, T., Mol, J. M. C., & Buijnsters, J. G. (2018). Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 809, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052

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title = "Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning",

abstract = "Anodic aluminum oxide was formed by employing mild and hard anodizing in sulfuric acid followed by mild anodizing in oxalic acid without oxide removal in-between at 40 and 45 V. Such multi-step anodizing, combining hard anodizing in sulfuric acid with mild anodizing in oxalic acid allowed to form a highly-ordered nanoporous template with a barrier layer at the pore bottoms thin enough for further processing. Four different conditions of electrochemical barrier layer thinning, with varied voltage steps and their time durations, were investigated. Optimized conditions allowed to provide conductivity at the pore bottoms and made the nanoporous oxide templates suitable for electrodeposition. It was found that the most effective barrier layer thinning approach employs voltage steps Un + 1 = 0.75·Un with each step (n) being 10 s long. To check applicability of the formed templates, copper electrodeposition from sulfate-borate bath was done. Copper nanowires with average length of about 14–16 μm and diameter of about 35–40 nm were obtained by using through-hole AAO templates.",

keywords = "Anodic aluminum oxide, Anodizing, Copper nanowires, Electrochemical barrier layer thinning, Electrodeposition, Hard anodizing, Self-organization",

author = "Stepniowski, {Wojciech J.} and Marcin Moneta and Krzysztof Karczewski and Marta Michalska-Domanska and Tomasz Czujko and Mol, {Johannes M.C.} and Buijnsters, {Josephus G.}",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052",

language = "English",

volume = "809",

pages = "59--66",

journal = "Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry",

issn = "1572-6657",

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Stepniowski, WJ, Moneta, M, Karczewski, K, Michalska-Domanska, M, Czujko, T, Mol, JMC & Buijnsters, JG 2018, 'Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning', Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 809, pp. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052

Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning. / Stepniowski, Wojciech J.; Moneta, Marcin; Karczewski, Krzysztof et al.
In: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 809, 2018, p. 59-66.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning

AU - Stepniowski, Wojciech J.

AU - Moneta, Marcin

AU - Karczewski, Krzysztof

AU - Michalska-Domanska, Marta

AU - Czujko, Tomasz

AU - Mol, Johannes M.C.

AU - Buijnsters, Josephus G.

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Anodic aluminum oxide was formed by employing mild and hard anodizing in sulfuric acid followed by mild anodizing in oxalic acid without oxide removal in-between at 40 and 45 V. Such multi-step anodizing, combining hard anodizing in sulfuric acid with mild anodizing in oxalic acid allowed to form a highly-ordered nanoporous template with a barrier layer at the pore bottoms thin enough for further processing. Four different conditions of electrochemical barrier layer thinning, with varied voltage steps and their time durations, were investigated. Optimized conditions allowed to provide conductivity at the pore bottoms and made the nanoporous oxide templates suitable for electrodeposition. It was found that the most effective barrier layer thinning approach employs voltage steps Un + 1 = 0.75·Un with each step (n) being 10 s long. To check applicability of the formed templates, copper electrodeposition from sulfate-borate bath was done. Copper nanowires with average length of about 14–16 μm and diameter of about 35–40 nm were obtained by using through-hole AAO templates.

AB - Anodic aluminum oxide was formed by employing mild and hard anodizing in sulfuric acid followed by mild anodizing in oxalic acid without oxide removal in-between at 40 and 45 V. Such multi-step anodizing, combining hard anodizing in sulfuric acid with mild anodizing in oxalic acid allowed to form a highly-ordered nanoporous template with a barrier layer at the pore bottoms thin enough for further processing. Four different conditions of electrochemical barrier layer thinning, with varied voltage steps and their time durations, were investigated. Optimized conditions allowed to provide conductivity at the pore bottoms and made the nanoporous oxide templates suitable for electrodeposition. It was found that the most effective barrier layer thinning approach employs voltage steps Un + 1 = 0.75·Un with each step (n) being 10 s long. To check applicability of the formed templates, copper electrodeposition from sulfate-borate bath was done. Copper nanowires with average length of about 14–16 μm and diameter of about 35–40 nm were obtained by using through-hole AAO templates.

KW - Anodic aluminum oxide

KW - Anodizing

KW - Copper nanowires

KW - Electrochemical barrier layer thinning

KW - Electrodeposition

KW - Hard anodizing

KW - Self-organization

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DO - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.052

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85039154936

SN - 1572-6657

VL - 809

SP - 59

EP - 66

JO - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

JF - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

ER -

Fabrication of copper nanowires via electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates formed by combined hard anodizing and electrochemical barrier layer thinning

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Keywords

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