Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping

Fan Yang; Haoyuan Yu; Lu Wang; Pavol Bauer; Zian Qin

doi:10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060217

Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping

Fan Yang
, Haoyuan Yu
, Lu Wang
, Pavol Bauer
, Zian Qin

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

4 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Grid-following control (GFL) has been widely implemented as the dominant control method for inverter-based resources (IBR). However, because GFL cannot provide sufficient inertia for frequency regulation, grid-forming control (GFM) is proposed as an alternative solution. However, the impact of grid dynamics characteristics on GFL and GFM control is rarely discussed. Therefore, this paper systematically derives and compares the frequency response of GFL and GFM control, considering the grid dynamics that are emulated by a synchronous generator. The impact of the inertia of GFM is investigated by pole-zero maps.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	62-67
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331585495
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060217
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025 - Nanjing, China Duration: 28 Mar 2025 → …

Publication series

Name	PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems

Conference

Conference	16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Nanjing
Period	28/03/25 → …

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository as part of the Taverne amendment. More information about this copyright law amendment can be found at https://www.openaccess.nl. Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Emulated inertia
frequency response
frequency stability
grid-following control
grid-forming control

Access to Document

10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060217

Frequency_Stability_Enhancement_of_the_Grid-Following_and_Grid-Forming_Control_with_Emulated_Inertia_and_DampingFinal published version, 824 KB

Cite this

Yang, F., Yu, H., Wang, L., Bauer, P., & Qin, Z. (2025). Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping. In PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (pp. 62-67). (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060217

Yang, Fan ; Yu, Haoyuan ; Wang, Lu et al. / Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping. PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. IEEE, 2025. pp. 62-67 (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems).

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title = "Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping",

abstract = "Grid-following control (GFL) has been widely implemented as the dominant control method for inverter-based resources (IBR). However, because GFL cannot provide sufficient inertia for frequency regulation, grid-forming control (GFM) is proposed as an alternative solution. However, the impact of grid dynamics characteristics on GFL and GFM control is rarely discussed. Therefore, this paper systematically derives and compares the frequency response of GFL and GFM control, considering the grid dynamics that are emulated by a synchronous generator. The impact of the inertia of GFM is investigated by pole-zero maps.",

keywords = "Emulated inertia, frequency response, frequency stability, grid-following control, grid-forming control",

author = "Fan Yang and Haoyuan Yu and Lu Wang and Pavol Bauer and Zian Qin",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository as part of the Taverne amendment. More information about this copyright law amendment can be found at https://www.openaccess.nl. Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. ; 16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025 ; Conference date: 28-03-2025",

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language = "English",

series = "PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems",

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Yang, F, Yu, H, Wang, L, Bauer, P & Qin, Z 2025, Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping. in PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, IEEE, pp. 62-67, 16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025, Nanjing, China, 28/03/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060217

Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping. / Yang, Fan; Yu, Haoyuan; Wang, Lu et al.
PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. IEEE, 2025. p. 62-67 (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

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AU - Yang, Fan

AU - Yu, Haoyuan

AU - Wang, Lu

AU - Bauer, Pavol

AU - Qin, Zian

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository as part of the Taverne amendment. More information about this copyright law amendment can be found at https://www.openaccess.nl. Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2025

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N2 - Grid-following control (GFL) has been widely implemented as the dominant control method for inverter-based resources (IBR). However, because GFL cannot provide sufficient inertia for frequency regulation, grid-forming control (GFM) is proposed as an alternative solution. However, the impact of grid dynamics characteristics on GFL and GFM control is rarely discussed. Therefore, this paper systematically derives and compares the frequency response of GFL and GFM control, considering the grid dynamics that are emulated by a synchronous generator. The impact of the inertia of GFM is investigated by pole-zero maps.

AB - Grid-following control (GFL) has been widely implemented as the dominant control method for inverter-based resources (IBR). However, because GFL cannot provide sufficient inertia for frequency regulation, grid-forming control (GFM) is proposed as an alternative solution. However, the impact of grid dynamics characteristics on GFL and GFM control is rarely discussed. Therefore, this paper systematically derives and compares the frequency response of GFL and GFM control, considering the grid dynamics that are emulated by a synchronous generator. The impact of the inertia of GFM is investigated by pole-zero maps.

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Yang F, Yu H, Wang L, Bauer P , Qin Z. Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping. In PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. IEEE. 2025. p. 62-67. (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems). doi: 10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060217

Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping

Abstract

Publication series

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Bibliographical note

Keywords

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ECS4DRES: Electronic Components and Systems for flexible, coordinated and resilient Distributed Renewable Energy Systems

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Frequency Stability Enhancement of the Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control with Emulated Inertia and Damping

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

ECS4DRES: Electronic Components and Systems for flexible, coordinated and resilient Distributed Renewable Energy Systems

Cite this