Hexagonal microtextured glass to achieve high optical performance in thin-film silicon solar cells

Periodic hexagonal microtexture arrays (also known as honeycombs) are successfully implemented for the first time in a superstrate glass configuration. Hexagonal textures on glass demonstrate an anti-reflective effect when compared to flat glass. It is shown that light scattering increases at the honeycomb interfaces with an increase in texture height and periodicity. The performance of the textures is demonstrated using thin-film single-junction PV devices based on an indirect bandgap semiconductor material, nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H), which requires light trapping in the infrared region of the spectrum. Inspecting the nc-Si:H bulk absorber suggests a conformal, crack-free growth of crystals on the hexagonal arrays. Short-circuit current density (J_SC) increases with an increase in the aspect ratio of the superstrate, without compromising voltage and fill factor. The J_SC enhancement is attributed to a combined benefit of (i) the anti-reflective nature of developed textures, (ii) trapping light within the absorbing layer through multiple order diffraction at the front and (iii) reflection from a back reflector with adapted hexagonal morphology. With the above observations, a J_SC of 28.6 mA/cm² (photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 9.3 %) is achieved for a 5μm periodic texture with a height of 1μm (aspect ratio = 0.21). This is the highest reported J_SC for a single-junction nc-Si:H solar cell in a superstrate configuration without an external anti-reflection coating.