TY - JOUR
T1 - High Frame Rate Ultrasound Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimating High Velocity Flow Patterns in the Left Ventricle
AU - Voorneveld, Jason D.
AU - Muralidharan, Aswin
AU - Hope, Timothy
AU - Vos, Hendrik J.
AU - Kruizinga, Pieter
AU - van der Steen, Antonius F.W.
AU - Gijsen, Frank J.H.
AU - Kenjeres, Sasa
AU - de Jong, Nico
AU - Bosch, Johan G.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Echocardiographic determination of multi-component blood flow dynamics in the left ventricle remains a challenge. In this study we compare contrast enhanced, high frame rate (1000 fps) echo particle image velocimetry (ePIV) against optical particle image velocimetry (oPIV, gold standard), in a realistic left ventricular phantom. We find that ePIV compares well to oPIV, even for the high velocity inflow jet (normalized RMSE = 9 ±1%). Additionally, we perform the method of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, to better qualify and quantify the differences between the two modalities. We show that ePIV and oPIV resolve very similar flow structures, especially for the lowest order mode with a cosine similarity index of 86%. The coarser resolution of ePIV does result in increased variance and blurring of smaller flow structures when compared to oPIV. However, both modalities are in good agreement with each other for the modes that constitute the bulk of the kinetic energy. We conclude that high frame rate ePIV can accurately estimate the high velocity diastolic inflow jet and the high energy flow structures in a left ventricular setting.
AB - Echocardiographic determination of multi-component blood flow dynamics in the left ventricle remains a challenge. In this study we compare contrast enhanced, high frame rate (1000 fps) echo particle image velocimetry (ePIV) against optical particle image velocimetry (oPIV, gold standard), in a realistic left ventricular phantom. We find that ePIV compares well to oPIV, even for the high velocity inflow jet (normalized RMSE = 9 ±1%). Additionally, we perform the method of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, to better qualify and quantify the differences between the two modalities. We show that ePIV and oPIV resolve very similar flow structures, especially for the lowest order mode with a cosine similarity index of 86%. The coarser resolution of ePIV does result in increased variance and blurring of smaller flow structures when compared to oPIV. However, both modalities are in good agreement with each other for the modes that constitute the bulk of the kinetic energy. We conclude that high frame rate ePIV can accurately estimate the high velocity diastolic inflow jet and the high energy flow structures in a left ventricular setting.
KW - Blood
KW - Correlation
KW - echo-particle image velocimetry
KW - echocardiography
KW - Fluids
KW - high frame rate imaging
KW - left ventricular flow
KW - Optical imaging
KW - Phantoms
KW - Ultrasonic imaging
KW - ultrasound contrast agents
KW - ultrasound imaging velocimetry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85039809240&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2786340
DO - 10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2786340
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85039809240
JO - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control
JF - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control
SN - 0885-3010
ER -