Identifying Dynamic Stall Effects on the Pitching Moment From Cessna Citation II Flight Test Data

One of the most widely applied identification methods for stall modeling using flight test data is based on Kirchhoff’s method of flow separation. However, this approach has not lead to a satisfactory aerodynamic pitching moment model. The introduction of the so-called X-variable, representing the point of flow separation on the wing, interferes with identification of a pitch damping term, that is required for dynamic stability. In general, Kirchhoff methods lead to models that are incompatible with nominal flight envelope models. This paper presents a nonlinear unsteady model of the pitching moment using lag states of the angle of attack measurements, identified from flight test data collected with a Cessna Citation II laboratory aircraft. The model is formulated in terms of well-known stability derivatives and is a one-on-one extension of the nominal envelope model. Model regressors are selected from a large pool of candidates using Multivariate Orthogonal Function Modeling. The candidate pool is based on a newly formulated mathematical model, such that each model contribution has a clear physical interpretation. The model has good predictive abilities and results in a reduction of 55.9% in validation MSE compared to Kirchhoff based pitching moment models.