TY - JOUR
T1 - Large-scale demonstration of the sulfate reduction autotrophic denitrification nitrification integrated (SANI®) process in saline sewage treatment
AU - Wu, Di
AU - Ekama, George A.
AU - Chui, Ho Kwong
AU - Wang, Bo
AU - Cui, Yan Xiang
AU - Hao, Tian Wei
AU - van Loosdrecht, Mark C M
AU - Chen, Guang Hao
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Recently, the Sulfate reduction Autotrophic denitrification Nitrification Integrated (SANI®) process was developed for the removal of organics and nitrogen with sludge minimization in the treatment of saline sewage (with a Sulfate-to-COD ratio > 0.5 mg SO4 2--S/mg COD) generated from seawater used for toilet flushing or salt water intrusion. Previously investigated in lab- and pilot-scale, this process has now been scaled up to a 800-1000 m3/d full-scale demonstration plant. In this paper, the design and operating parameters of the SANI demo plant built in Hong Kong are analyzed. After a 4-month start-up period, a stable sulfur cycle-based biological nitrogen removal system having a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12.5 h was developed, thereby reducing the amount of space needed by 30-40% compared with conventional activated sludge (CAS) plants in Hong Kong. The demo plant satisfactorily met the local effluent discharge limits during both the summer and winter periods. In winter (sewage temperature of 21 ± 1 °C), the maximum volumetric loading rates for organic conversion, nitrification, and denitrification were 2 kg COD/(m3·d), 0.39 kg N/(m3·d), and 0.35 kg N/(m3·d), respectively. The biological sludge production rate of SANI process was 0.35 ± 0.08 g TSSproduced/g BOD5 (or 0.19 ± 0.05 g TSS/g COD), which is 60-70% lower than that of the CAS process in Hong Kong. While further process optimization is possible, this study demonstrates the SANI process can be potentially implemented for the treatment of saline sewage.
AB - Recently, the Sulfate reduction Autotrophic denitrification Nitrification Integrated (SANI®) process was developed for the removal of organics and nitrogen with sludge minimization in the treatment of saline sewage (with a Sulfate-to-COD ratio > 0.5 mg SO4 2--S/mg COD) generated from seawater used for toilet flushing or salt water intrusion. Previously investigated in lab- and pilot-scale, this process has now been scaled up to a 800-1000 m3/d full-scale demonstration plant. In this paper, the design and operating parameters of the SANI demo plant built in Hong Kong are analyzed. After a 4-month start-up period, a stable sulfur cycle-based biological nitrogen removal system having a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12.5 h was developed, thereby reducing the amount of space needed by 30-40% compared with conventional activated sludge (CAS) plants in Hong Kong. The demo plant satisfactorily met the local effluent discharge limits during both the summer and winter periods. In winter (sewage temperature of 21 ± 1 °C), the maximum volumetric loading rates for organic conversion, nitrification, and denitrification were 2 kg COD/(m3·d), 0.39 kg N/(m3·d), and 0.35 kg N/(m3·d), respectively. The biological sludge production rate of SANI process was 0.35 ± 0.08 g TSSproduced/g BOD5 (or 0.19 ± 0.05 g TSS/g COD), which is 60-70% lower than that of the CAS process in Hong Kong. While further process optimization is possible, this study demonstrates the SANI process can be potentially implemented for the treatment of saline sewage.
KW - Saline sewage treatment
KW - SANI process
KW - Scale-up
KW - Sludge minimization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84969530883&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.052
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.052
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84969530883
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 100
SP - 496
EP - 507
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
ER -