TY - JOUR
T1 - Measurements of bed shear stresses near the tip of dam-break waves on a rough bed
AU - Xu, Beibei
AU - Zhang, Shaotong
AU - Nielsen, Peter
AU - Wüthrich, Davide
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Shear plates have previously been used to measure bed shear stresses under swash and dam-break waves. The present study has been focused on the large bed shear stresses near the tip and even at distances less than one plate length from the tip. In order to resolve this rapid stress variation, the shear plate was calibrated with respect to its step response as well as statically. Step response calibration enables the effects of the time lag and the natural frequency of the shear plate system to be removed. Thus, the initial variation of the bed shear stress during and just after the rise of the water level is resolved and opens the opportunity to investigate the boundary layer development close to the tip where other measurements have not previously succeeded. The bed shear stress τbed(t) initially increases almost linearly with time to a maximum, which occurs about 0.2 s after the passage of the contact point, while it takes about 2.0 s for the water surface level h(t) to rise to a quasi-steady level under the present experimental conditions. Thus, with h(t) and τbed(t) varying with different timescales, the simple assumption of τbed=τbed(roughnessdepth) is not supported. For a given dam-break, the peak bed shear stress depends on the tailwater level. In our tests with initial dam depth 400 mm and bed roughness 84 mm, τbed peaks at 210 Pa ± 20 Pa on dry beds decreases to peak values of the order 40 Pa with 98 mm tailwater depths. Quasi-steady τbed-values reached while the water surface is still quasi-steady, which are of the order 5–10 Pa. For dry beds, τbed shows a single peak followed by a smooth monotonical decay, while tailwater depths above 40 mm may lead to two almost equal, successive τbed-peaks and an oscillating decay. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - Shear plates have previously been used to measure bed shear stresses under swash and dam-break waves. The present study has been focused on the large bed shear stresses near the tip and even at distances less than one plate length from the tip. In order to resolve this rapid stress variation, the shear plate was calibrated with respect to its step response as well as statically. Step response calibration enables the effects of the time lag and the natural frequency of the shear plate system to be removed. Thus, the initial variation of the bed shear stress during and just after the rise of the water level is resolved and opens the opportunity to investigate the boundary layer development close to the tip where other measurements have not previously succeeded. The bed shear stress τbed(t) initially increases almost linearly with time to a maximum, which occurs about 0.2 s after the passage of the contact point, while it takes about 2.0 s for the water surface level h(t) to rise to a quasi-steady level under the present experimental conditions. Thus, with h(t) and τbed(t) varying with different timescales, the simple assumption of τbed=τbed(roughnessdepth) is not supported. For a given dam-break, the peak bed shear stress depends on the tailwater level. In our tests with initial dam depth 400 mm and bed roughness 84 mm, τbed peaks at 210 Pa ± 20 Pa on dry beds decreases to peak values of the order 40 Pa with 98 mm tailwater depths. Quasi-steady τbed-values reached while the water surface is still quasi-steady, which are of the order 5–10 Pa. For dry beds, τbed shows a single peak followed by a smooth monotonical decay, while tailwater depths above 40 mm may lead to two almost equal, successive τbed-peaks and an oscillating decay. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102049688&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00348-021-03152-4
DO - 10.1007/s00348-021-03152-4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85102049688
SN - 0723-4864
VL - 62
JO - Experiments in Fluids
JF - Experiments in Fluids
IS - 3
M1 - 49
ER -