Mechanism of the structural phase transformations in epitaxial YH_x switchable mirrors

The detailed mechanisms of the structural phase transformations that occur in epitaxial Y-hydride switchable mirrors are revealed with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (both cross sectional and plan view). The triangular ridge network that develops in Y prior to the α-β transformation is a result of 101̄2 deformation twinning. The basal plane that is originally parallel to the film/substrate interface is rotated by twinning over 5.6° and transformed into a prismatic plane and similarly the prismatic plane is transformed into a basal plane giving a final crystal reorientation for the ridge of 95.6°. After transformation to β, nearly vertical Σ3111 twin boundaries arise in the ridges. In contrast, horizontal twin boundaries develop in the β domains to prevent macroscopic shape changes. Inbetween the two twin variants within the domains, Shockley partial dislocations are persistently present, which enable efficient reversible β-γ switching of the mirror.