Metal sulfide-based nanomaterials for electrochemical CO₂ reduction

The electrochemical CO₂ reduction (ECO₂R) is critical to enabling the widespread use of abundant renewable energy sources. However, in order to successfully implement such technologies on an industrial scale, necessary advancement in both the material and molecular design of electrocatalysts is required. In recent years, metal-sulfide (MS)-based nanomaterials have been explored as promising electrocatalysts for ECO₂R. This article provides a systematic review of the design and development of MS-based catalysts for ECO₂R, including their synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanism, catalytic performance, and strategies for future optimization. The current state-of-the-art MS-based ECO₂R catalysts and their technical challenges are outlined herein with the purpose of establishing new guidelines for the rational design of next generation MS-based catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction.