Minimizing optical losses in monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells with a flat top cell

In a monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem device, the perovskite top cell has to be deposited onto a flat c-Si bottom cell without anti-reflective front side texture, to avoid fabrication issues. We use optical simulations to analyze the reflection losses that this induces. We then systematically minimize these losses by introducing surface textures in combination with a so-called burial layer to keep the perovskite top cell flat. Optical simulations show that, even with a flat top cell, the monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem device can reach a matched photocurrent density as high as 19.57 mA/cm².