Model Predictive Control for Multi-Terminal HVDC Grid with Enhanced Fault Management

A secure, equitable, and environmentally sustainable energy system is a critical global challenge in pursuing a sustainable future. As dependence on fossil fuels wanes and the integration of renewable energy sources escalates, traditional power grids are confronted with unprecedented challenges, particularly in system inertia. This situation necessitates a substantial upgrade in energy transmission infrastructure. Such infrastructure must evolve to bridge the expanding geographical gap between renewable generation sites and consumption centres, all whileaintaining power system stability. The solution to this complex puzzle may well reside in developing the ’Express Energy Highway’—a concept that envisions a trans-national High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grid as the backbone of a modern, digital-era energy network. HVDC grids are at the forefront of this transformation, providing an efficient solution for long-distance power transmission and capable of integrating a diverse range of energy sources with lower losses compared to traditional HVAC power systems. The expansion of HVDC technology, especially within Europe’s ambitious energy targets and the phased decommissioning of nuclear power plants, underscores the pressing need for advanced control systems and real-time simulation models to navigate the complexities of these next-generation energy highways...