Modulated surface textures for enhanced light trapping in thin-film silicon solar cells

Substrates with a modulated surface texture were prepared by combining different interface morphologies. The spatial frequency surface representation method is used to evaluate the surface modulation. When combining morphologies with appropriate geometrical features, substrates exhibit an increased scattering level in a broad wavelength region. We demonstrate that the improved scattering properties result from a superposition of different light scattering mechanisms caused by the different geometrical features integrated in a modulated surface texture.