TY - JOUR
T1 - Monitoring land subsidence in Yangon, Myanmar using Sentinel-1 persistent scatterer interferometry and assessment of driving mechanisms
AU - van der Horst, Teije
AU - Rutten, Martine M.
AU - van de Giesen, Nick C.
AU - Hanssen, Ramon F.
N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.
PY - 2018/11/1
Y1 - 2018/11/1
N2 - Inhabitants and ecosystems in delta areas are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of subsidence, caused by anthropogenic activities. Yangon is a city on the periphery of the Irrawaddy delta in Myanmar where little is known about the true extent of this hazard, while its effects can potentially harm millions of its inhabitants. This research presents the magnitude and extent of the subsidence hazard in Yangon through a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) time-series analysis on the Sentinel-1 data archives in the period of December 2015 through April 2017. The PSI analysis revealed four distinct zones of varying sizes where vertical velocity differences over 20 mm/yr were found, locally exceeding 110 mm/yr. The significant subsidence zones are exclusively located in young Alluvium deposits and 95% of velocity differences over 10 mm/yr are found at Quaternary age deposits. The addition of loads, such as buildings, predominantly affect subsidence rates in the first decade after placement. Estimates of groundwater extraction for domestic supply, used by more than 2 million inhabitants, correlate with the township average subsidence rates which shows that most subsidence in Yangon can be explained by groundwater extraction. Current operation of groundwater extraction wells induces an aquifer volume loss of 5.5 million cubic meter per year in the aquifer system of Yangon city. Unless groundwater extractions are mitigated, Yangon will be increasingly vulnerable to infrastructural damages, flooding events, and degrading aquifer quality.
AB - Inhabitants and ecosystems in delta areas are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of subsidence, caused by anthropogenic activities. Yangon is a city on the periphery of the Irrawaddy delta in Myanmar where little is known about the true extent of this hazard, while its effects can potentially harm millions of its inhabitants. This research presents the magnitude and extent of the subsidence hazard in Yangon through a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) time-series analysis on the Sentinel-1 data archives in the period of December 2015 through April 2017. The PSI analysis revealed four distinct zones of varying sizes where vertical velocity differences over 20 mm/yr were found, locally exceeding 110 mm/yr. The significant subsidence zones are exclusively located in young Alluvium deposits and 95% of velocity differences over 10 mm/yr are found at Quaternary age deposits. The addition of loads, such as buildings, predominantly affect subsidence rates in the first decade after placement. Estimates of groundwater extraction for domestic supply, used by more than 2 million inhabitants, correlate with the township average subsidence rates which shows that most subsidence in Yangon can be explained by groundwater extraction. Current operation of groundwater extraction wells induces an aquifer volume loss of 5.5 million cubic meter per year in the aquifer system of Yangon city. Unless groundwater extractions are mitigated, Yangon will be increasingly vulnerable to infrastructural damages, flooding events, and degrading aquifer quality.
KW - Groundwater
KW - InSAR
KW - PSI
KW - Sentinel-1
KW - Subsidence
KW - Yangon
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85051392174&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.004
DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85051392174
VL - 217
SP - 101
EP - 110
JO - Remote Sensing of Environment: an interdisciplinary journal
JF - Remote Sensing of Environment: an interdisciplinary journal
SN - 0034-4257
ER -