TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimal Sizing and Control of a PV-EV-BES Charging System Including Primary Frequency Control and Component Degradation
AU - Vermeer, Wiljan
AU - Chandra Mouli, Gautham Ram
AU - Bauer, Pavol
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This paper proposes a method for optimally dimensioning the components of a prosumer energy management system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, multiple bidirectional electric vehicle chargers, an inverter, and a battery energy storage charger. Besides optimally dimensioning the components, it also optimizes power management while integrating the frequency containment reserve market and Li-ion battery degradation. The results show that the integration of the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market can increase lifetime cost savings by 36%, compared to optimal power management alone and up to 460% compared to non-optimal power management. Furthermore, the effects of PV and battery energy storage (BES) degradation on reservable capacity are analyzed including the importance of battery second-life value on lifetime net present cost is investigated.
AB - This paper proposes a method for optimally dimensioning the components of a prosumer energy management system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, multiple bidirectional electric vehicle chargers, an inverter, and a battery energy storage charger. Besides optimally dimensioning the components, it also optimizes power management while integrating the frequency containment reserve market and Li-ion battery degradation. The results show that the integration of the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market can increase lifetime cost savings by 36%, compared to optimal power management alone and up to 460% compared to non-optimal power management. Furthermore, the effects of PV and battery energy storage (BES) degradation on reservable capacity are analyzed including the importance of battery second-life value on lifetime net present cost is investigated.
KW - Battery degradation
KW - frequency control
KW - optimal sizing
KW - optimal power control
KW - photovoltaic
KW - second-life batteries
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127076695&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/OJIES.2022.3161091
DO - 10.1109/OJIES.2022.3161091
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85127076695
SN - 2644-1284
VL - 3
SP - 236
EP - 251
JO - IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society
JF - IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society
M1 - 9740621
ER -
